Suchergebnisse

India has been at the forefront of reducing the emission of the greenhouse gases even before the countries agreed upon the Paris Agreement. India has designed the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC). The effort shows the sensitivity of the country towards the climate issues. The country has seen lot of progress in the direction from laying down the different mission under NAPCC in the year 2008 to submission of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, in 2015. The Country has been making strides to achieve the goals set out in the INDCC. It has been seen that goal pertaining to the installed capacity of renewable energy is on the path of being achieved before the schedule. The commitment with which Indian government has been working towards meeting its targets set out in the INDCC, shows the country is determined to contribute in achieving the climate neutrality, much essential to safeguard the Mother Earth and the humanity. The Researcher has discussed the Policy measures adopted by India in order to achieve the targets set out in the INDCC. The Researcher has relied on the Government data and Report of the independent institutions, in order to analysis the progress of the country with respect to achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreement.

The goal of this study is to determine whether the female gender is a barrier for the access to cataract surgery in the rural population of Gurugram district, Haryana, India. The data of consecutive 100 male and 100 female patients operated for cataract surgery at Department of Ophthalmology, University-affiliated hospital were studied. Data pertaining to age of the patients, visual acuity of the operated and better eye, maturity of the cataract at time of surgery, type of cataract surgery opted were analysed. Visual impairment was considered when visual acuity of the better eye was less than 6/18 (0.32).Two types of cataract surgery were offered to the patients: manual small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) and phacoemulsification. Independent t-tailed test was used to analyse data to ascertain female gender as a barrier to access cataract surgery. The findings indicate that the difference in age at the time of surgery between men and women was not statistically significant ( p = .327). The analysis of visual impairment in the operated eye of men and women was also not statistically significant ( p = .173). However, the analysis of visual impairment in the better eye was strongly suggestive of gender bias with statistically significant results ( p = .001). In total, 71% male and 56% female patients opted for phacoemulsification surgery, whereas 44% women and 29% men chose less-expensive manual SICS surgery. The study indicates that females had severe visual impairment in the better eye at the time of surgery and also opted for a less-expensive option indicating less financial freedom and decision-making power.

Since the beginning of planning in India, the strategies and programmes are being designed and redesigned, keeping in view the objective of poverty alleviation. In almost all the plan documents, emphasis has been placed on the common man, weaker sections and the less privileged of the society. Repeatedly, the objectives of the plans have kept removal of poverty, unemployment and inequality at the top in priority. But the planned development efforts have failed to yield tangible results in terms of visible improvement in the standard of living of the people belonging to the lower income groups. The landless households, marginal and small farmers, agricultural wage earners and casual workers engaged in non-agricultural activities constitute the bulk of rural poor. The obsolete methods of production, small land holdings and their low productivity are the main causes of poverty among households dependent on land based activities for their livelihood. The lower literacy percentage and lack of other vocational skills also perpetuates poverty. Due to the poor physical and capital base, a large proportion of the people are forced to continue in the occupations having extremely low levels of productivity as well as income. One of the most striking experiences of planned efforts in India has been that economically backward regions and economically backward and socially oppressed people, in both developed and backward regions, have gained little. The benefits accrued proportionately more to the already rich and socially privileged sections of the society perpetuating social inequalities and disparities of income and wealth distribution. The present paper focuses on distribution of household assets and the resultant pattern of income and employment among the weaker sections in the rural areas of Haryana.

This study aims to comprehend nuances of gender barriers to access cataract surgery in the rural population of Gurugram district, Haryana, India. Data from 100 male and 100 female cataract surgery patients who underwent surgery at the university-affiliated hospital's department of ophthalmology were examined. Data on the patients' ages, the better eye's and operated eye's visual acuity, the cataract's maturity at the time of surgery and the type of cataract surgery chosen were examined. Visual impairment was defined when the better eye's visual acuity was less than 6/18 (0.32). At the time of surgery, women had a serious visual impairment in the better eye and also opted for a less expensive surgery option. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were planned to understand the attitude, social norms and nuances of women's accessibility to cataract surgery. This essay includes a qualitative investigation on access restrictions based on gender.