Cow-urine emulsified diesel fuel: preparation, stability, and rheological study for diesel engine application
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 31, Heft 7, S. 10252-10261
ISSN: 1614-7499
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In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 31, Heft 7, S. 10252-10261
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 30, Heft 12, S. 34481-34502
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 26, Heft 5, S. 4570-4587
ISSN: 1614-7499
An improved non-aqueous decontaminant has been explored against chemical warfare agents sulfur mustard (HD) and soman (GB). This decontaminant comprises of 2-aminoethanol (30% w/v), dimethylamino ethanol (42% w/v), sodium hydroxide (2% w/v), benzotriazole (1% w/v), and dimethyl sulfoxide (25 %) and it chemically degraded more than 99 % of sulfur mustard and soman within a time of 45 min at -35°C. It was found to be effective over a broad range of temperatures from -35 to +55°C without losing its efficacy even at sub zero temperatures. This decontaminant exhibited decontamination ratio of V[Detoxicant]/V[HD, GD] 50 or 5 while a recently reported one exhibited a ratio of 100 or 2 against HD or GD respectively. Although, this ratio decreased slightly in the case of GD, it is sufficient enough for complete decontamination. This improved decontaminant meets all the military requirements and promise its field application in near future.
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