Suchergebnisse

Хронический дефицит государственного бюджета и рост уровня цен становятся предметом активных обсуждений как экономистов, так и представителей власти. Результаты многочисленных исследований, посвященных анализу данной темы, в контексте развитых и развивающихся стран неоднозначны, поскольку при анализе используются различные методы оценки, выборки временных периодов и переменных и др. В настоящей статье исследуется взаимосвязь между бюджетным дефицитом и инфляцией в Индии в период с 1980-1981 по 2016-2017 гг. Для этой цели были использованы модель авторегрессии и распределенного лага (ARDL) и нелинейная модель авторегрессии и распределенного лага (NARDL). В результате применения модели ARDL линейная связь между бюджетным дефицитом и инфляцией в контексте Индии не обнаружена. Однако эмпирические результаты, полученные при помощи NARDL, подтвердили существование нелинейной связи между бюджетным дефицитом и инфляцией в долгосрочной перспективе и отсутствие связи между денежными ресурсами и инфляцией. Данный результат подтверждает положения фискальной теории уровня цен, согласно которой государственный долг и налоговая политика определяют уровень цен, а денежно-кредитная политика играет лишь косвенную роль. Следовательно, при планировании налогово-бюджетной политики следует сосредоточить внимание на сокращении бюджетного дефицита. В то же время, Резервный банк Индии (RBI) должен сфокусироваться на регулировании процентной ставки по ссудам. Данные меры необходимы, чтобы обеспечить сочетание налогово-бюджетной и денежно-кредитной политики для контроля инфляции в Индии. ; The chronic government deficit (fiscal deficit) and increase in the price level (inflation) have become major concerns for economists and policymakers. While numerous studies have examined the twin problems of the fiscal deficit and inflation for both developed and developing economies, their results are inconclusive due to different estimation techniques, chosen time periods, selection of variables, etc. Therefore, we examined the fiscal deficit-inflation nexus in India for the period from 1980-81 to 2016-17 by employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approaches. The results of the ARDL approach found no evidence of linear relationship between fiscal deficit and inflation in the Indian context. Further, the empirical findings of the NARDL model confirmed the nonlinear relationship between fiscal deficit and inflation in the long run and no association between money supply and inflation, supporting the ideas of the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level (FTPL) in the case of India. FTPL postulates that public debt and taxation policies drive price level; monetary policy has an indirect role only. Therefore, fiscal policymakers should focus on reducing fiscal deficits. Simultaneously, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) should regulate lending interest rate so that a mix of fiscal and monetary policies can be applied for controlling inflation in India.

In the transformation of data opening in military systems, the security constraints have serious issues. In order to retrieve the data secured and efficiently we use the CP-ABE. Cipher text-policy attribute based encryption (CP-ABE) is a promising cryptographic solution to the access control issues. In this paper, we propose a secure data retrieval scheme using CP- ABE for decentralized DTNs where multiple key authorities manage their attributes independently. The problems of key Escrow, Revocation and co-ordination are discussed and we demonstrate how to apply the proposed mechanism to securely and efficiently manage the confidential data distributed in the disruption-tolerant military network. The overall monitoring of the system is and uses of analysis are discussed.

Analysis of three years of data from a malaria clinic operated by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in the Government Medical College Hospital in Jabalpur, central India, showed a high malaria prevalence among pregnant women, which was statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001) compared with the situation among nonpregnant women. Cerebral malaria was a common complication of severe Plasmodium falciparum infection, with a high mortality during pregnancy, requiring immediate attention. The study also showed that malaria infection was more frequent in primigravidae, falling progressively with increasing parity. Mean parasite densities were significantly higher in pregnant women compared with nonpregnant women for both P. falciparum (P < 0.001; df = 137) and P. vivax (P < 0.05; df = 72) infection. Pregnant women with falciparum or vivax malaria were significantly more anaemic than noninfected pregnant women or infected nonpregnant women. The average weight of 155 neonates from infected mothers was 350 g less than that of 175 neonates from noninfected mothers. This difference in birth weight was statistically significant for both P. falciparum (P < 0.0001; df = 278) and P. vivax (P < 0.0001; df = 223) infection. Congenital malaria was not recorded. We conclude that pregnant women from this geographical area require systematic intervention owing to their high susceptibility to malaria during pregnancy and the puerperium.

Background: Management of low back pain after spinal surgeries is one of the most challenging problems in pain medicine. Transforaminal lumbar epidural steroid injection has been used with inconsistent response. Most patients require multiple and frequent injections due to high recurrence of back pain. Objective: To find out whether the addition of hyaluronidase to the epidural injectate affects the quality and duration of analgesia in patients with low back pain secondary to failed back surgery syndrome. Study Design: Prospective randomized trial. Methods: The study was registered in the Government Clinical Trial registry and the protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board. After obtaining an informed consent, 25 patients with low back pain due to failed back syndrome were randomly assigned to receive a transforaminal epidural injection of hyaluronidase 1500 IU (HYL) or normal saline (NSL) to a mixture of bupivacaine 0.5 (1 mL) and triamcinolone 40mg (1 mL) in a doubleblind fashion. An interventional pain specialist using fluoroscopic guidance performed all epidural injections. The patients received a comprehensive neurological examination by a non-interventional pain specialist who was blinded to the treatment during their follow-up visits, scheduled one, 2, and 4 weeks after the intervention. Numerical pain scores, analgesic requirement, and satisfaction scores were recorded during every visit. Results: There was no difference in demographic data between the 2 groups. Pain scores and total analgesic requirement were significantly lower in the HYL group at 2 and 4 weeks after blockade (P < 0.01). Patient satisfaction was higher in the HYL group. Limitations: The study was limited by a relatively small sample size. Conclusion: We conclude that adding hyaluronidase to the epidural injectate was effective in the management of chronic low back pain in patients with failed back surgery syndrome demonstrated over a period of 4 weeks.