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Introduction to World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation; Acknowledgments, and the Maps; References; Chapter 1 The Arabian Gulf; 1.1 The Region; 1.2 Natural Environmental Variables and Seasonality; 1.2.1 Climate; 1.2.2 The Gulf as an Extreme Marine Environment; 1.3 Major Coastal and Shallow Habitats; 1.3.1 Intertidal Habitats; 1.3.2 Subtidal Habitats; 1.4 Offshore Systems; 1.5 Climate Change Impacts; 1.6 Resources; 1.6.1 Fisheries; 1.6.2 Tourism.5058 1.7 Human Populations Affecting the Area1.7.1 Coastal Development; 1.7.2 Wastewater; 1.7.3 Desalination; 1.7.4 Shipping Traffic; 1.7.5 Overfishing; 1.8 Management; 1.9 Summary; References; Further Reading; Chapter 2 Oman; 2.1 The Seas of Oman; 2.2 General Oceanography; 2.2.1 Major Disturbances; 2.3 Major Coastal and Shallow Habitats; 2.3.1 Coral Communities and Coral Reefs; 2.3.2 Mangroves Forests; 2.3.3 Sea Grass Beds; 2.3.4 Beaches; 2.3.5 Seaweed Communities; 2.3.6 Fauna; 2.3.6.1 Reptiles; 2.3.6.2 Whales and Dolphins; 2.3.7 Fish; 2.3.8 Molluscs; 2.3.9 Echinoderms;

World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation, Second Edition, Volume Three: Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts covers global issues relating to our seas, including a biological description of the coast and continental shelf waters, the development and use of the coast, landfills and their effects, pollutant discharges over time, the effects of over-fishing, and the management methods and techniques used to ensure continued ecosystem functioning. The relative importance of water-borne and airborne routes differ in different parts of the world is explored, along with extensive coverage of major habitats and species groups, governmental, education and legal issues, fisheries effects, remote sensing, climate change and management. This book is an invaluable, worldwide reference source for students and researchers concerned with marine environmental science, fisheries, oceanography and engineering and coastal zone development

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1 THE CORAL ANIMAL -- CHAPTER 2 DIFFERENT KINDS OF REEFS -- CHAPTER 3 HOW A CORAL REEF WORKS -- CHAPTER 4 LOCAL AND REGIONAL DISTURBANCES TO REEFS -- CHAPTER 5 CLIMATE CHANGE AND REEFS -- CHAPTER 6 PEOPLE AND REEFS -- Glossary -- Further Reading -- Index -- Picture Credits

Worldwide, in Africa and in South Africa, the importance of the doctorate has increased disproportionately in relation to its share of the overall graduate output over the last decade. This heightened attention has not only been concerned with the traditional role of the PhD, namely the provision of a future supply of academics. Rather, it has focused on the increasingly important role that higher education – particularly high-level skills – is perceived to play in national development and the knowledge economy. This book is unique in the area of research into doctoral studies because it draws on a large number of studies conducted by the Centre of Higher Education Trust (CHET) and the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology (CREST) over the past decade. In addition to these historical studies, new quantitative and qualitative research was undertaken to produce the evidence base for the anbalyses presented in the book. The studies focused on a range of issues related to the growth, efficiency, quality and transformation of doctoral education, doctoral supervision, doctoral tracer studies as well as drawing on studies from the rest of Africa and the world. The book makes recommendations about strengthening traditional doctoral education, and proposes a paradigm shift. It concludes by raising three policy issues: reaching the National Development Plan 2030 target of 5 000 graduates per annum, South Africa as a PhD hub for Africa and differentiation among different groups of doctorate-producing institutions.

Worldwide, in Africa and in South Africa, the importance of the doctorate has increased disproportionately in relation to its share of the overall graduate output over the past decade. This heightened attention has not only been concerned with the traditional role of the PhD, namely the provision of future academics; rather, it has focused on the increasingly important role that higher education - and, particularly, high-level skills - is perceived to play in national development and the knowledge economy. This book is unique in the area of research into doctoral studies because it draws on a large number of studies conducted by the Centre of Higher Education Trust (CHET) and the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology (CREST), as well as on studies from the rest of Africa and the world. In addition to the historical studies, new quantitative and qualitative research was undertaken to produce the evidence base for the analyses presented in the book. The findings presented in Doctoral Education in South Africa pose anew at least six tough policy questions that the country has struggled with since 1994, and continues to struggle with, if it wishes to gear up the system to meet the target of 5 000 new doctorates a year by 2030. Discourses framed around the single imperatives of growth, efficiency, transformation or quality will not, however, generate the kind of policy discourses required to resolve these tough policy questions effectively. What is needed is a change in approach that accommodates multiple imperatives and allows for these to be addressed simultaneously.