Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the consideration of changes and tendencies in the Ukrainian educational field. The focus is on secondary education, in particular, the growing trend of private secondary education. It is noted that in 2020-2021 academic year the number of students in private schools increased by 174,5% compared to 2014-2015 academic year, teachers – by 89,6%. The situation in the field of private distance education is analyzed. The role of private schools is emphasized, which today play the role of pioneers in expanding opportunities for the entire educational field. It is noted that the growth of options in the range of educational opportunities is a positive trend. Data on the dynamics in the sector of pedagogical education are given. It has been suggested that the demand for certified teachers will increase, however, there will be a shortage of young teachers in public schools. The statistics of admission to higher education institutions are analyzed, which show that pedagogical specialties are not always the choice of the best school graduates. Growth in the field of online education is considered – from individual educational projects such as Youtube channels to government initiatives (All-Ukrainian online school). It is emphasized that the authors of private educational Youtube channels are an example of agents of change, whose perseverance not only increases adolescents' interest in science, but also inspires others to create educational projects, which creates a favorable environment for the development of educational innovations. The course of an important educational reform – «New Ukrainian School», in particular its content and actual implementation is analyzed. Examples of successful reform and difficulties of its implementation in primary school are given; considered threats to further reform due to a change in political leadership; public opinion on secondary education reform is analyzed. It is concluded that the political perturbations and quarantine restrictions caused by the pandemic, in the conditions of unstable institutionality, lead to the fact that in Ukraine both progressive innovations and inhibition of changes are possible.

The article is devoted to the sociological analysis of the situation with bullying (prevalence, dynamics, connection with socio-demographic indicators) and counteraction to it (formal legal framework and real practices) in the modern educational space of Ukraine. According to 2018, the number of systematic bullers is 12.2%, the number of systematic victims — 15.7%. Thus, in reality, it is not about 67% (two thirds) of children and adolescents, as noted in the justification of many anti-bullying initiatives, but about a much smaller number of people who, however, are systematically bully or bullied by others. The connection between bullying and gender, financial status, health status, emotional state, and the presence of violence from adult family members was analyzed. The legal framework for combating bullying is considered. It is shown that significant obstacles to the implementation of anti-bullying laws are formalism, lack of qualified psychological staff and the practice of concealing the facts of bullying by the management of educational institutions. The article provides a list of real steps to combat bullying, which should lead to positive changes (online training, information campaigns, hotlines, etc.). International data on the evaluation of prevention programs are given. To be more effective, these programs must combine systematic monitoring and targeting of children and adolescents at high risk. Anti-bullying programs should not so much completely eliminate the phenomenon of bullying as bring it out of the norm, which is important on the way to the humanization of education. The necessity of further sociological researches in the field of cyberbullying is substantiated, as well as the necessity of assessing the real position of teachers.

The article considers and studies the problem of psychophysiological adaptation of freshmen through the concretization of the very concept of adaptation and determination of the time period of the adaptation period. Moreover, carried out a scientific analysis and experimental study of key aspects of psycho-physiological adaptation of first-year students. The levels of adaptive and communicative abilities, neuropsychic stability and moral norm, indicators of psychophysiological adaptation and the main features that indicate the sources of maladaptation have been determined. The criteria for psychophysiological adaptation (state of health, mood, anxiety, fatigue, activity behavior) are highlighted, and prospects for further research are formulated.

According to the results of the work it was found that most freshmen have high rates of development of communicative abilities and moral normativity. They really assess their role in the team, in relationships, focusing on compliance with generally accepted norms of behavior. Freshmen are capable of accepting other people as they are, respect their originality and the right to be themselves. The development of such an ability characterizes them as a mature personality.

High optimism score and high ability for somatic regulation were found. In addition, a moderate (average) level of psychophysiological maladaptation was found in young people. From time to time, they have certain difficulties associated with changes in the forms, teaching and assessment methods that are characteristic of a comprehensive school, and most often they experience problems due to a deterioration in well- being, namely, due to the characteristics of individual mental processes of freshmen, a decrease their overall activity and a decrease in motivation for any activity. Freshmen are dominated by a low level of development of adaptive abilities and neuropsychic stability.

The data obtained indicate the need to develop a system of measures to update the adaptive capabilities of freshmen. We identified this direction as a promising vector for further studies of this problem.

This article investigates the prospects of innovative development of regional university systems, the peculiarities of training teachers in the university. It was set that the educational system of ethnic group found its rebirth in an investigated period. It was found out that during the realization of governmental politics ethnic groups education declared the balance of knowledge and skills, free development of national languages and cultures and provision of ethnic groups with educational and methodical literature in ethnic languages, which paid attention to certain historical events for the representatives of other ethnic groups of Ukraine.The author discovers that the foundation and development of ethnic schools in a great measure is related to national policy that assists their further development and functioning. Therefore, the state assured all ethnic groups the right to national and cultural autonomy, partly the use and education in the native language or the learning of the native language in state educational establishments, the creation of national cultural institution. The paper marks the actuality of the proper facilities creation in order to develop all ethnic languages and cultures, their free usage in native languages in all spheres of public life. There were the changes of curricula at schools with Russian, Moldavian, Hungarian languages of education, and there were elective and optional courses at the educational establishments. The article traces the activity of ethnic groups at schools and cultural societies, where their native language was studied; a transition from the optional study of the native language to its introduction as the educational subject and the creation of corresponding classes and schools. It has been set that in independent Ukraine (1991–2010) a government created the best facilities for the education in native language at schools of ethnic groups. The author also investigates that the ethnic groups who lived on territory of Ukraine in order to have cultural and common differences and forms of mentality diversity acquire the system unity transforming into a certain organizational cohesion.Key words: development, innovative learning environment, university regional centers, training of future teachers, schools for national minorities, organization of the educational process, differentiation. ; Досліджено перспективи інноваційного розвитку регіональних університетських комплексів. Розкрито особливості підготовки майбутніх учителів в університетах. Показано, що національні меншини, які проживають на території України, за наявності культурних, побутових відмінностей, різних форм ментальності, у своєму взаємозв'язку набувають системної єдності, трансформую-чись у певну організаційну цілісність. З'ясовано, що в досліджуваний період відроджувалася система освіти національних меншин. Визначено, що в ході реалізації урядової політики освіта національних меншин декларувалася на рівності здобуття знань, умінь і навичок, гарантуванні вільного розвитку національних мов і культур, а також забезпеченні потреб етнічних меншин навчальною та методичною літературою мовами національних меншин.Ключові слова: розвиток, інноваційне освітнє середовище, університетські регіональні комплекси, професійна підготовка майбутніх учителів, школи національних меншин, організація навчального процесу, диференціація.

The article analyzes the educational management of Polish schools and bilingual or multilingual schools in the differentiation of general secondary education in independent Ukraine (1991–2010). The development of an educational institutions network for national minorities on the territory of Ukraine; it was established that the system of education of national minorities was reviving in the period under study. It was found out that in the course of implementation of the government policy, the formation of national minorities was declared on the equality of obtaining knowledge, skills and abilities, ensuring the free development of national languages and cultures. ; У статті проаналізовано організацію навчального процесу польських шкіл і шкіл 2–3 мовами навчання у контексті диференціації загальної середньої освіти в умовах незалежної України (1991–2010); показано розвиток мережі навчальних закладів національних меншин на території України; установлено, що в досліджуваний період відроджувалася система освіти національних меншин; з'ясовано, що в ході реалізації урядової політики освіта національних меншин декларувалася на рівності здобуття знань, умінь і навичок, гарантуванні вільного розвитку національних мов і культур; виокремлено, що в ході реалізації урядової політики стосовно освіти польських шкіл і шкіл 2–3 мовами навчання особливого значення набували питання відкриття спеціальних класів для проведення факультативів та читання курсів рідними мовами. Досліджено, що національні меншини, які проживають на території України, за наявності культурних, побутових відмінностей, різних форм ментальності у своєму взаємозв'язку набувають системної єдності, трансформуючись у певну організаційну цілісність. Встановлено, що в школах національних меншин практикувалося перехідне становище від факультативного вивчення рідної мови; за потреби – відкриття загальноосвітніх шкіл, гімназій; у навчально-виховному процесі робився акцент на національних особливостях життя і побуту народів України. Доведено, що в Україні забезпечувалося право національних меншин на задоволення освітніх потреб рідною мовою різних груп населення; зовнішня диференціація організації шкільної освіти ґрунтувалася не на здібностях і нахилах учнів, а на їхній належності передусім до певної статі чи національності.

Introduction. Providing information and consultancy plays an important role in the development of agriculture for today, and are a catalyst of scientific and technological progress in agriculture, as combining education, science and production.Purpose. Identifying problems and future directions of information and consultancy services to rural producers (extension) as one of the most important factors in improving the efficiency of agricultural production and to identify sources of financing advisory business is the purpose of this article.Methods. The author used monographic, analytical calculation, spreadsheet, comparative methods.Results. There are a number of reasons that hampered the development of information and consultation to ensure agricultural producers, including insufficient government funding advisory.According to the law of information and consulting services to be financed from the state budget and local budgets, and conducted on a competitive basis. The competition aimed to provide social services advisory entities may take only advisory.In addition to state support, financing advisory activity can be carried out through grants, technical assistance, from international programs and projects, charity contributions of natural and legal persons and other sources not prohibited by law.Other external sources is occupied by grants and sponsorship assistance. These two sources are significant differences, despite the fact that both are allocated free of charge.All these sources finance directly the activities of real and formalized consulting groups. At the same time, information and consulting activity carried out not only by these services. Such activity can massively funded: public services by taxpayers; government services in respect of taxes on certain agricultural products; commercial companies that sell commodity inputs or buy their products, and are in a relationship with customers and spread agricultural knowledge; associations of producers, who pay for consulting services from their membership fees; associations of agricultural producers, subsidized by the state; NGOs financed by grants within or outside the country and / or commercial companies to create a favorable image; NGOs receiving grants from the government or working on contracts with the state (or its own or foreign "donor countries") and others.Originality. Given the author's own definition of information and consulting services, namely an activity to transfer current product information on the subject that has such a product to the user, to meet the information it needs, which implies the use of this product obtain additional income consumer or social impact.Conclusion. Providing information and consulting (advisory) services are an important part of the agricultural commodity production, providing its innovative development. Problems extension that exist at the moment can be resolved, but with state support, including in matters of finance. Currently funding information and consultation (advisory) services can be made from various sources and their use depends on the initiative most extension services and other consulting groups.

Relevance of the research topic. Tax policy is an integral part of the financial policy of the state. Taxes are the basis of the financial stability of the state and the guarantee of a competitive position in the world environment, the stimulation of economic activity and the implementation of social policy. The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of our state set the Government the task of revising previously chosen goals and reorienting them to ensure the country's defense capability and social security of citizens. In the conditions of martial law, it is important to ensure the implementation of the revenue part of the budget in order for the state to implement its functions. Formulation of the problem. The relevance of the chosen research topic is due to the importance of a detailed scientific analysis of tax policy under martial law, tax policy instruments and assessment of the state of the tax system. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of the theoretical and methodological foundations of tax policy and its role in the conditions of economic transformations is being studied by many domestic scientists, including: I. Chugunov [1], V. Andrushchenko [2], Z. Varnalii [3], O. Desyatniuk [4], T. Yefimenko [5], Yu. Ivanov [6], A. Krysovaty [7], L. Kozarezenko [8], M. Pasichny [9], A. Sokolovska [10], and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Given the relevance of the research topic, the tax policy in the conditions of martial law requires in-depth research in order to identify problems and study the main ways of adapting the state's economy in conditions of war. Problem setting, research goals. The subject of the article's research is the theoretical and methodological foundations of tax policy. The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of tax policy and methods of its implementation under martial law. Method and methodology of the study. In the process of studying the research questions, general scientific and special methods were used: systemic, structural, comparison, qualitative and quantitative analysis, scientific abstraction and synthesis. Field of application of results. The obtained research results should be used in conducting further scientific research on tax policy, the functioning mechanism of the tax system and its tools under martial law. Conclusions. The essence of tax policy under martial law is revealed. Changes to legislation and the tax mechanism, which were adopted since the introduction of martial law, were analyzed. Sources of tax revenues of the State Budget were determined and their level compared to the same period last year was assessed. The forecast and state of further development of the state's economy are analyzed.

The constant development of information technologies, the growing role at the present stage of human potential create new internal threats to the information security of enterprises. The article investigates and analyzes the problems of information security associated with internal violators of companies and their insider activity. Economic reports and analytical materials allowed to determine the relevance and importance of this work. Based on scientific literature, a review of various approaches to the definition of "insider" and "insider information" was carried out. The main key indicators of the insider and signs of insider information are described. The classification of data sources for the study of insider threats is presented, among which real data of the system journal and data from social networks are allocated; analytical information with synthetic anomalies; simulated data due to the formation of stochastic models; theoretical and gaming approach. Insider threat detection algorithms are described depending on intentions, behavior, capabilities of insiders, how resources are used, as well as models involving several algorithms. The normative issues of protection of insider information from unauthorized disclosure and legal responsibility for illegal use of insider information in Ukrainian legislation are covered. ; Постійний розвиток інформаційних технологій, зростаюча роль на сучасному етапі людського потенціалу створюють нові внутрішні загрози для інформаційної безпеки підприємств. У статті досліджено і проаналізовано проблеми інформаційної безпеки, пов'язані з внутрішніми порушниками компаній та їх інсайдерською діяльністю. Економічні звіти та аналітичні матеріали дозволили визначити актуальність і важливість даної роботи. Спираючись на наукову літературу, було здійснено огляд різних підходів до визначення поняття «інсайдер» та «інсайдерська інформація». Охарактеризовані основні ключові індикатори інсайдера та ознаки інсайдерської інформації. Представлена класифікація джерел даних для дослідження інсайдерських загроз, серед яких виділяють реальні дані системного журналу та дані із соціальних мереж; аналітична інформація з синтетичними аномаліями; змодельовані дані внаслідок формування стохастичних моделей; теоретико-ігровий підхід. Описані алгоритми виявлення інсайдерських загроз в залежності від намірів, поведінки, можливостей інсайдерів, від способів використання ресурсів, а також моделі, що включають декілька алгоритмів. Висвітлюються нормативні питання захисту інсайдерської інформації від несанкціонованого розголошення та правової відповідальності за неправомірне використання інсайдерської інформації в українському законодавстві.