Suchergebnisse

Within the period of 1993–2014 Russia experienced four major electoral reforms: in 1993, 2002, 2005 and 2014. One further attempt to change the Russian electoral system, initiated by President Yeltsin in 1994–95, was unsuccessful. We suggest that the successes as well as the failures of the electoral reforms in Russia can be explained with the same reasons as in other countries regardless of their political regime. In our view, electoral reforms within any political system are rooted in the specific arrangement of the veto players within the system and their political preferences. This paper demonstrates that major electoral reforms were successfully implemented in cases when the executive branch headed by the Russian president, striving for maximum control over the legislative process, was interested in such implementation and there were no other veto players able to block passage of the law.

The object of research is the formation of territorial communities based on swarm intelligence. In the process of research, a problem is identified that arises in the formation of territorial communities inUkraine, namely the unstable political situation due to the introduction of many reforms.In order to solve this problem, the aim is creation of an automated approach to the formation of territorial communities according to certain evaluation criteria.The proposed method is used on the example of Zastavnivsky district of the Chernivtsi region (Ukraine) on such criteria as: the availability of hospitals, fire departments, police departments, kindergartens, and social institutions. With the help of swarm algorithms, 5 administrative centers and 19 settlements are created, satisfying the conditions of the task. The gray wolf and the bats algorithms formed a community and the center is determined, and the method of multi-criteria optimization optimizes the parameters of administrative units.Geo-information technologies, statistical data of settlements of the Zastavnivskyi district of the Chernivtsi region, gray wolf and bats algorithms and the method of multi-criteria optimization make it possible to obtain the result of the process of formation of territorial communities of the proposed method. Due to these aspects, an automated process of forming territorial communities is obtained. ; Запропоновано метод формування територіальних громад за допомогою алгоритмів кажанів та сірих вовків. Розроблено математичну модель методу формування громад. Досліджено ефективність виконання методу на прикладі формування територіальних громад у Чернівецькій області (Україна). Тестування запропонованого методу виконується на базі ГІС технологій і статистичних даних. ; Предложен подход к формированию территориальных общин при помощи алгоритма летучих мышей и серых волков. Разработана математическая модель метода формирования территориальных общин. Исследована эффективность работы метода на примере формирования территориальных общин в Черновицкой области (Украина). Тестирование предложенного метода исполняется на базе ГИС технологий и данных статистики.

The object of research is the formation of territorial communities based on swarm intelligence. In the process of research, a problem is identified that arises in the formation of territorial communities inUkraine, namely the unstable political situation due to the introduction of many reforms.In order to solve this problem, the aim is creation of an automated approach to the formation of territorial communities according to certain evaluation criteria.The proposed method is used on the example of Zastavnivsky district of the Chernivtsi region (Ukraine) on such criteria as: the availability of hospitals, fire departments, police departments, kindergartens, and social institutions. With the help of swarm algorithms, 5 administrative centers and 19 settlements are created, satisfying the conditions of the task. The gray wolf and the bats algorithms formed a community and the center is determined, and the method of multi-criteria optimization optimizes the parameters of administrative units.Geo-information technologies, statistical data of settlements of the Zastavnivskyi district of the Chernivtsi region, gray wolf and bats algorithms and the method of multi-criteria optimization make it possible to obtain the result of the process of formation of territorial communities of the proposed method. Due to these aspects, an automated process of forming territorial communities is obtained. ; Запропоновано метод формування територіальних громад за допомогою алгоритмів кажанів та сірих вовків. Розроблено математичну модель методу формування громад. Досліджено ефективність виконання методу на прикладі формування територіальних громад у Чернівецькій області (Україна). Тестування запропонованого методу виконується на базі ГІС технологій і статистичних даних. ; Предложен подход к формированию территориальных общин при помощи алгоритма летучих мышей и серых волков. Разработана математическая модель метода формирования территориальных общин. Исследована эффективность работы метода на примере формирования территориальных общин в Черновицкой области (Украина). Тестирование предложенного метода исполняется на базе ГИС технологий и данных статистики.