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Rousseau's birth of natural education was a landmark event in the birth of modern education. Rousseau's natural education believed that attention should be paid to the natural changes in students' physiology and psychology, in accordance with their nature. This educational ideology has had a huge impact on the history of world education, influencing the emergence and development of a series of educational ideas by educators. It still has certain significance and value in the current era of education system reform. Rousseau's natural education philosophy advocates blaming nature, cultivating natural individuals, and respecting individual natural instincts, which has had a profound impact on the development history of Western society. This article combines Rousseau's work "Emile" to deeply analyze the connotation and characteristics of his natural education thought, interpret Rousseau's natural education thought, and elaborate on the practical significance of Rousseau's natural education thought to contemporary education from the aspects of respecting and adapting to students' natural nature, respecting and highlighting students' subjectivity, respecting and paying attention to students' individual differences, and paying attention to and promoting students' comprehensive development. The aim is to provide important reference and inspiration for the development of education and the development of education at all stages.

The Merz Poetry of Kurt Schwitters
ABSTRACT: Kurt Schwitters is a German artist whose career is closely linked to the Dada movement. Thanks to his experimental spirit, he creates the Merz art which includes several fields such as painting, poetry, theater. In this article, we focus on poetic art of Schwitters, especially his elementary poetry and his sonata. For him, letter is the root of the material of poetry and there are four dimensions of word —composition of letters, sonority, sign (meaning) and element carrying associations of ideas. Moreover, Schwitters considers that typographic form is not only a way of rendering the content of the text, but also an art under certain conditions. That is why typography plays an essential role in his poetic creation. Even though Schwitters insists on nonsense, he composes his sonata Ursonate in a logical and rigorous way. This rigor allows him to invent his own poetic language.
RÉSUMÉ : Kurt Schwitters est un artiste allemand dont la carrière est étroitement liée au mouvement Dada. Grâce à son esprit expérimental, il crée l'art Merz qui concerne plusieurs domaines tels que la peinture, la poésie, le théâtre. Dans cet article, nous nous concentrons sur l'art poétique chez Schwitters, notamment sa poésie élémentaire et sa sonate. Pour lui, la lettre est à l'origine du matériel de la poésie et il s'agit de quatre dimensions du mot — la composition de lettres, la sonorité, le signe (le sens) et l'élément porteur d'associations d'idées. De plus, Schwitters considère que la forme typographique est non seulement une façon de rendre le contenu du texte, mais aussi un art dans certaines conditions. C'est la raison pour laquelle la typographie joue un rôle essentiel dans sa création poétique. Même si Schwitters insiste sur le non-sens, il compose sa sonate Ursonate d'une manière logique et rigoureuse. Cette rigueur lui permet d'inventer son propre langage poétique.

Under the research framework of Pragma-Dialectics, this paper analyses and evaluates theformer United State trade representative RonKirk's remarks on the trade conflict of poultry.Through this case study, I intend to develop apragma-dialectical approach to the politicaldiscourse. Based on the argumentativereconstruction, strategic maneuvering analysisand critical evaluation of the remarks, thispaper finds that even if Ron Kirk's remarks lookreasonable apparently, there are still somefallacies hidden in them. In order to make theUS government benefit most from the tradeconflict, after considering comprehensively ofthe potential topics, audience demands, andpresentational devices, Ron Kirk maneuversstrategically by choosing beneficial startingpoints and arranging argumentative schemestechnically. By doing so, he can transmit Anti-China ideology to the international societyimperceptibly. In addition, by taking intoconsideration the background information ofthe poultry case and the Ten Commandments ofa critical discussion, this paper reveals that, theaccepted starting points and the argumentschemes are abused in Ron Kirk's remarks.Through the case study, this paper tries to studypolitical discourse from Pragma-Dialecticalapproach and provide feasible analyticalmethods and reasonable evaluative standardsfor the political discourse analysis, so that anew perspective will be offered for researcheson political discourse.

While recommendation algorithms have significantly empowered human communication process, there is an emerging scholarly and societal concern regarding the potential discrimination inherent in algorithmic decision-making. The present study employs a novel agent-based testing approach to conduct an automated audit of the Douyin algorithm's recommendations for health-related videos, aiming to investigate its relationship with information inequalities between individuals who are socioeconomically advantaged and disadvantaged. Our findings imply the possible existence of a new digital divide, wherein the algorithm tends to recommend a smaller proportion of authenticated health-related videos on cheap phone models, representing users in low socioeconomic group. Furthermore, this divide was mitigated when both groups demonstrated the same watching strategy for authenticated information. This study implies that recommendation algorithms actively perpetuate and exacerbate discriminatory social structures in reality. We also advocate for increased attention and education among the low socioeconomic group to enhance their health information literacy and understanding of algorithmic mechanisms.

Chelation of antioxidant chickpea peptides with calcium can improve the absorption rate of calcium in human intestinal tract. In the present work, the optimum enzymatic hydrolysis scheme was determined by a single-factor test with an orthogonal experimental design with the following conditions: material-liquid ratio, 1:15; enzymatic hydrolysis time, 10 min; enzyme-substrate ratio, 1:20 (papain protease); and enzymatic hydrolysis temperature, 60°C. The protein hydrolysate obtained under these conditions had high antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging rates of •OH, O2-•, DPPH•, and H2O2 were 49.44, 63.64, 66.57, and 57.64%, respectively. The reducing power was 0.75. The optimum conditions for the preparation of calcium chelate from chickpea peptides were determined by an orthogonal optimisation test: the peptide-calcium ratio, 7:1; the chelation temperature, 50°C; the initial pH of the reaction solution, 7.0; the chelation time, 40 min; and the chelation rate, 39.95%. Antioxidant chickpea peptide-calcium chelates could have the potential to induce synergistic physiological effects.

AbstractIn this paper we provide a thorough investigation of the cluster sampling scheme for Morris' elementary effects method (MM), a popular model‐free factor screening method originated in the setting of design and analysis of computational experiments. We first study the sampling mechanism underpinning the two sampling schemes of MM (i.e., cluster sampling and noncluster sampling) and unveil its nature as a two‐level nested sampling process. This in‐depth understanding sets up a foundation for tackling two important aspects of cluster sampling: budget allocation and sampling plan. On the one hand, we study the budget allocation problem for cluster sampling under the analysis of variance framework and derive optimal budget allocations for efficient estimation of the importance measures. On the other hand, we devise an efficient cluster sampling algorithm with two variants to achieve enhanced statistical properties. The numerical evaluations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed cluster sampling algorithm and the budget allocations derived (when used both separately and in conjunction) to existing cluster and noncluster sampling schemes.

This paper focuses on extending the Morris' elementary effects method (MM) for sensitivity analysis/factor screening originated in the context of deterministic computer experiments to the stochastic simulation setting. Given a fixed simulation budget to expend, the main objective is to provide efficient and accurate estimates of main and interaction (or nonlinear) effects coined by the standard MM for characterizing the importance of each factor, despite the impact of simulation errors. Taking into account both the factor/input sampling uncertainty rooted in MM and the random errors inherent in a stochastic simulation, we develop efficient budget allocation strategies for implementing MM in this new context. Under each strategy proposed, we derive its corresponding optimal budget partition and optimal budget allocation rules. Numerical results corroborate the practical effectiveness of the proposed budget allocation strategies.

This paper explores the relationship of real GDP per capita with cancer incidence applying panel threshold regression model in BRICS and ASEAN countries. The empirical results highlight that the business cycle has an inverted-U correlation with population health indicators and a non-linear single threshold effect. In BRICS countries, the health-promoting effect of economic growth is significantly weaker when exceeding the threshold. Similarly, economic growth in ASEAN countries, even worsens population health, after the turning point. These asymmetric effects are strongly related to the response of regional economic globalization health policies. Changes in economic expansion and overheating may have serious adverse effects on health care systems in emerging economies. Governments should adopt more aggressive health care policies during economic overheating, to avoid wasting health care resources.