Mobility Costs and Regional Inequality: Evidence from Bangladesh
In: Journal of globalization and development, Band 2, Heft 1
ISSN: 1948-1837
62 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Journal of globalization and development, Band 2, Heft 1
ISSN: 1948-1837
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 24, Heft 5, S. 929-937
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 24, Heft 5, S. 929
ISSN: 0305-750X
Using bilateral migration flow data from the 2010 population census of Nepal, this paper provides evidence on the importance of public infrastructure and services in determining migration flows. The empirical specification, based on a generalized nested logit model, corrects for the non-random selection of migrants. The results show that migrants prefer areas that are nearer to paved roads and have better access to electricity. Apart from electricity's impact on income and through income on migration, the econometric results indicate that migrants attach substantial amenity value to access to electricity. These findings have important implications for the placement of basic infrastructure projects and the way benefits from these projects are evaluated
This paper analyzes the effects of land market restrictions on structural change from agriculture to non-farm in a rural economy. This paper develops a theoretical model that focuses on higher migration costs due to restrictions on alienability, and identifies the possibility of a reverse structural change where the share of nonagricultural employment declines. The reverse structural change can occur under plausible conditions: if demand for the non-agricultural good is income-inelastic (assuming the non-farm good is non-tradable), or non-agriculture is less labor intensive relative to agriculture (assuming the non-farm good is tradable). For identification, this paper exploits a natural experiment in Sri Lanka where historical malaria played a unique role in land policy. The empirical evidence indicates significant adverse effects of land restrictions on manufacturing and services employment, rural wages, and per capita household consumption. The evidence on the disaggregated occupational choices suggests that land restrictions increase wage employment in agriculture, but reduce it in manufacturing and services, with no perceptible effects on self-employment in non-agriculture. The results are consistent with the migration costs model, but contradict two widely discussed alternative mechanisms: collateral effect and property rights insecurity. This paper also provides direct evidence in favor of the migration costs mechanism.
BASE
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 109, S. 470-482
This paper provides evidence on the impacts of agricultural productivity on employment growth and structural transformation of non-farm activities. To guide the empirical work, this paper develops a general equilibrium model that emphasizes distinctions among non-farm activities in terms of tradable-non-tradable and the formal-informal characteristics. The model shows that when a significant portion of village income is spent on town/urban goods, restricting empirical analysis to the village sample leads to underestimation of agriculture's role in employment growth and transformation of non-farm activities. Using rainfall as an instrument for agricultural productivity, empirical analysis finds a significant positive effect of agricultural productivity growth on growth of informal (small-scale) manufacturing and skilled services employment, mainly in education and health services. For formal employment, the effect of agricultural productivity growth on employment is found to be largest in the samples that include urban areas and rural towns compared with rural areas alone. Agricultural productivity growth is found to induce structural transformation within the services sector with employment in formal/skilled services growing at a faster pace than that of low skilled services.
BASE
In: Economic Development and Cultural Change, Band 63, Heft 1, S. 73-115
ISSN: 1539-2988
In: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7056
SSRN
Working paper
In: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Band 75, Heft 3, S. 388-409
SSRN
SSRN
Working paper
In: Economic Development and Cultural Change, Band 57, Heft 4, S. 641-683
ISSN: 1539-2988
In: Journal of development economics, Band 86, Heft 1, S. 43-60
ISSN: 0304-3878
In: Journal of development economics, Band 86, Heft 1, S. 43-60
ISSN: 0304-3878
World Affairs Online
In: The economic journal: the journal of the Royal Economic Society, Band 115, Heft 503, S. 477-504
ISSN: 1468-0297