Umat Islam Indonesia telah efektif mengambil bagian dalam mediasi, membangun perdamaian dan resolusi konflik di Indonesia, Asia Tenggara, dan Dunia. Beberapa tokoh seperti Abdurrahman Wahid, Ahmad Syafi'i Ma'arif, Muhammad Yusuf Kalla, dan Ali Alatas telah menjadi mediator terkenal dan pembuat perdamaian antara berbagai agama, etnis, dan kelompok politik yang telah terlibat dalam konflik dan kekerasan. Penulis berpendapat bahwa peran aktif mereka dalam pembangunan perdamaian bukan hanya karena kemampuan kepemimpinan mereka tetapi juga karena identitas mereka sebagai bangsa Indonesia, moderat, dan orang Islam yang terbuka. Mereka telah mewakili nilai-nilai Islam yang mempromosikan perdamaian bagi manusia di Dunia.
Artikel ini akan mengkaji peran kepemimpinan Muslim Indonesia dalam mewakili pemerintah dan masyarakat sipil pada upaya perdamaian di Asia Tenggara. Ini dilakukan sejak masa Menlu Ali Alatas dalam memediasi konflik di Kamboja dan Filipina Selatan, hingga periode Menteri dan Wakil Presiden Jusuf Kalla, Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Professor M. Din Syamsuddin yang memediasi Filipina Selatan dan Aceh. Muslim Indonesia juga turut memainkan peran aktif dalam memediasi konflik di Thailand Selatan dan Timur Tengah. Sebagai negara demokratis ketiga di dunia dan negara Muslim terbesar, Indonesia telah berubah menjadi negara dengan kekuatan menengah (Middle Power) dan melakukan peran utama dalam menciptakan wilayah Asia Tenggara yang stabil dan sejahtera. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa pengalaman ini bisa membawa Indonesia pada peran lebih besar di Timur Tengah dan Afrika. Tetapi peran ini terhambat akibat masih kurangnya kepercayaan negara-negara Arab yang masih memandang Indonesia sebagai negara pinggiran.This article examines the role of Indonesian Muslim leaders representing state and civil society on conflict resolution in Southeast Asia from the period of Foreign Minister Ali Alatas on mediating conflict in Cambodia and Southern Philippines to the period of Minister and Vice President Jusuf Kalla, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Professor M. Din Syamsuddin who mediating conflict of Aceh and Southern Philippines. Indonesian Muslims also took active participation in mediating conflicts in Southern Thailand and conflicts in the Middle East. As the third largest democratic country and the largest Muslim country, Indonesia have transformed as middle power country and confidently taken a leading role in managing stable, peacefu and prosperous region of Southeast Asia. It argues the experience of Indonesia in regional mediation will lead Indonesia towards international conflict resolution in the Middle East and Africa. However, Arab countries still consider Indonesia as periphery of Islam and cultural gap which influence the trust from Arabcountries.
Artikel ini akan mengkaji peran kepemimpinan Muslim Indonesia dalam mewakili pemerintah dan masyarakat sipil pada upaya perdamaian di Asia Tenggara. Ini dilakukan sejak masa Menlu Ali Alatas dalam memediasi konflik di Kamboja dan Filipina Selatan, hingga periode Menteri dan Wakil Presiden Jusuf Kalla, Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Professor M. Din Syamsuddin yang memediasi Filipina Selatan dan Aceh. Muslim Indonesia juga turut memainkan peran aktif dalam memediasi konflik di Thailand Selatan dan Timur Tengah. Sebagai negara demokratis ketiga di dunia dan negara Muslim terbesar, Indonesia telah berubah menjadi negara dengan kekuatan menengah (Middle Power) dan melakukan peran utama dalam menciptakan wilayah Asia Tenggara yang stabil dan sejahtera. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa pengalaman ini bisa membawa Indonesia pada peran lebih besar di Timur Tengah dan Afrika. Tetapi peran ini terhambat akibat masih kurangnya kepercayaan negara-negara Arab yang masih memandang Indonesia sebagai negara pinggiran.This article examines the role of Indonesian Muslim leaders representing state and civil society on conflict resolution in Southeast Asia from the period of Foreign Minister Ali Alatas on mediating conflict in Cambodia and Southern Philippines to the period of Minister and Vice President Jusuf Kalla, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Professor M. Din Syamsuddin who mediating conflict of Aceh and Southern Philippines. Indonesian Muslims also took active participation in mediating conflicts in Southern Thailand and conflicts in the Middle East. As the third largest democratic country and the largest Muslim country, Indonesia have transformed as middle power country and confidently taken a leading role in managing stable, peacefu and prosperous region of Southeast Asia. It argues the experience of Indonesia in regional mediation will lead Indonesia towards international conflict resolution in the Middle East and Africa. However, Arab countries still consider Indonesia as periphery of Islam and cultural gap which influence the trust from Arabcountries.
The collapse of Suharto's New Order is a starting point of the quest of religious identity for Indonesian Muslims. A lot of radical groups are founded under the umbrella of liberty and democracy. However, many of them have destroyed the structure of democracy and multicultural society. Conflicts of Maluku (and Poso) in 1999-2003 are the best local context of how religious groups (muslims and christians) fighted severely in the name of God. The conflict is also a good case to understand the weakening of state and the involvements of military (para-military) forces in instigating the conflicts, which impacted to thousands people killed, and destroyed the ethnic and religious harmony in the region. This paper will analyse the conflicts of Maluku and compare it to other religious conflicts in Poso, Central Sulawesi and ethnic conflicts in West Kalimantan, Southern Thailand and Southern Philippines. I argue the growth of local nationalism and unstability of States in Southeast Asian regions brings the rise of civil society and paramilitary forces, which challenges the entities of harmony, peace and multiculturalism in the region.
Abstract: The whole world has recognized that child marriage and forced marriage (CFM) are acts that are contrary to human rights and are considered to be gender-based violence. The Australian Government since 2013 through its constitution has criminalized acts of child and forced marriage so that the perpetrators can be subject to criminal penalties. However, this policy did not effectively reduce the effect on CFM cases in Australia. It is proven that from 2017 to 2019 there was an increase in the number of victims of forced marriage and children who were categorized as victims of human trafficking in Australia. The criminal law in the CFM case is considered ineffective because the protective impact is not sustainable. The high rate of forced marriage among Muslim women in Australia is driven by high gender inequality, migration and harmful traditional cultural practices. The Australian Muslim Women's Center for Human Rights (AMWCHR) is a Muslim women's organization that seeks to advance the rights and status of Muslim women in Australia. AMWCHR has multicultural and hybridity characteristics that are not tied to any Islamic sect. This article aims to analyze the role of the AMWCHR in efforts to reduce the rate of child, early and forced marriage for Muslim women, especially in the Australian region with sustainable protection and prevention programs, based on gender equality and the principle of multi-culturalism. Keywords: Australian Government, AMWCHR, Child Early and Forced Marriage, Australian Muslim.
This research seeks to show how theories and concepts can explain the rise in China's military and its impact on the Asia Pacific. Through the lens of theory and concept, this paper will also show what causes China to increase its military and why this is a security dilemma for the Asia Pacific. This paper uses the theory of Offense and Defense and also the concept of Security Dilemma. Offense and Defense Theory is intended to explain how the balance between offense and defense in the Asia Pacific region occurs so that it does not cause significant conflict in the Asia Pacific Region. The Security Dilemma concept is used to analyze the impact of China's rising military making the Asia Pacific countries a security dilemma. By using these theories and concepts, it is produced that if Defense is more dominant than Offense, then war will be avoided here, which plays the role of Offense, namely China and Asia Pacific countries play Defense. But China's behavior also cannot be separated from its country's history and position. So, China and the Asia Pacific region have contributed to the offense-defense balance and security dynamics in the Asia Pacific region.
The Israeli occupation of Palestine became a prolonged conflict; this conflict was caused by the seizure of the Jerusalem area. Jerusalem itself is a holy city for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The conflict began in 1917-1947 when during British rule in Palestine with Jerusalem as the center of government, the Balfour Declaration stated that Britain handed over the mandate of Palestine to the United Nations. During the ongoing conflict to date, not only two countries, namely Israel and Palestine, are involved, but there is also the intervention of the United States which has a fairly dominant role. For example, Donald Trump as President of the United States of America unilaterally announced that he recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel in 2017, thus triggering a greater struggle than ever in the Middle East. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview, description, and understanding of the occurrence of conflict events in the Palestinian territories, by looking at the origins of the conflict, the role of the United States in it, and the impact of the dominant role of the United States in this prolonged conflict.
This study aims to describe and analyze behavioral changes in religious radicalism and the factors that influence these behavioral changes. This type of research is qualitative, using a case study approach—the place of a research area that is categorized as Mataraman culture. The primary consideration is that the character of this region adheres to the notion of integration of religion, culture, and politics, which can be called a society with a harmonious character. The facts on the ground show this community with a culture of harmony has been exposed to radical ideas, especially among teenagers. For example, there were two raids on people suspected of being exposed to radicalism in Tulungagung. Data collection techniques are in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed using Miles & Huberman's interactive model. The study results show that changes in behavior to become radical in religion are determined by several factors: the strength of belief, Daulah Islamiyyah as the subjective norm of the group, scriptural studies, and economic programs/activities to improve the welfare of members. These four factors strengthen the birth of the intention to turn into a radical in religion. A firm intention among youth serves to trigger the actualization of radical behavior in religion among youth. الملخصتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى وصف وتحليل التغيرات السلوكية في التطرف الديني ، والعوامل التي تؤثر على هذه التغيرات السلوكية. هذا النوع من البحث نوعي باستخدام نهج دراسة الحالة. مكان منطقة البحث المصنفة على أنها ثقافة ماتارامان. الاعتبار الرئيسي هو أن طبيعة هذه المنطقة تتمسك بفهم تكامل الدين والثقافة والسياسة ، والذي يمكن تسميته بمجتمع ذي طابع متناغم. تظهر الحقائق على الأرض أن هذا المجتمع الذي يتمتع بثقافة الانسجام قد تعرض لأفكار راديكالية ، خاصة بين المراهقين ، على سبيل المثال ، كانت هناك غارتان على الأشخاص المشتبه في تعرضهم للتطرف في تولونغاغونغ. تقنيات جمع البيانات هي المقابلات المتعمقة والملاحظة والتوثيق. تم تحليل البيانات التي تم جمعها باستخدام النموذج التفاعلي Miles & Hubermans. تظهر نتائج الدراسة أن التغيرات في السلوك ليصبح متطرفًا في الدين تتحدد بعدة عوامل هي ؛ قوة الإيمان ، الدولة الإسلامية كقاعدة ذاتية للجماعة ، والدراسات الكتابية ، والبرامج / الأنشطة الاقتصادية لتحسين رفاهية الأعضاء. هذه العوامل الأربعة تعزز ولادة نية التحول إلى راديكالية في الدين. تعمل النية القوية لدى الشباب على تفعيل السلوك الراديكالي في الدين بين الشباب. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis perubahan perilaku radikalisme beragama, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan perilaku tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Tempat penelitian wilayah yang masuk kategori budaya Mataraman. Pertimbangan utamanya adalah karakter wilayah ini menganut paham integrasi agama, budaya, dan politik dapat disebut sebagai masyarakat berkarakter harmoni. Fakta dilapangan menunjukkan komunitas masyarakat yang berbudaya harmoni ini telah terpapar paham radikal terutama kalangan remaja, misalnya dua kali terjadi penggerebekan orang yang diduga terpapar paham radikal di Tulungagung. Teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah Interview mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data-data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles & Hubermans. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa perubahan perilaku menjadi radikal dalam beragama ditentukan oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu; kekuatan keyakinan, Daulah Islamiyyah sebagai norma subyektif kelompok, kajian-kajian yang bersifat skriptural, dan program/kegiatan ekonomi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggota. Keempat faktor ini menguatkan lahirnya niat untuk berubah menjadi radikal dalam beragama. Niat yang kuat pada kalangan pemuda berfungsi memicu aktualisasi perilaku radikal dalam beragama di kalangan pemuda.
