Suchergebnisse

This book provides a review and guide to environmental policy options for the control of agricultural pollution (particularly water pollution) and the economic, administrative and political merits of such policies. The principal focus is on the developed world, particularly North America and Europe. The book covers: the issues concerning agriculture and water quality; the voluntary and indirect approaches for reducing externalities and satisfying multiple objectives; the estimation of the benefits and costs of pollution control policies; the pollution control policies in the USA and EU; and the decomposition of the effects of trade on the environment. The book contains 7 chapters and a subject index.

This study examines the environmental impacts of trade liberalization in Costa Rica. A CGE model is constructed which includes eight environmental indicators covering deforestation, pesticides, overfishing, hazardous wastes, inorganic wastes, organic wastes, greenhouse gases, and air pollution. Three trade liberalization scenarios are examined. Two sets of analyses are conducted for each scenario, one in which technologies do not change in response to trade liberalization and the other in which total factor productivity in each sector changes in response to changes in imports of machinery and equipment. To account for uncertainty regarding values of the model's parameters, a Monte Carlo experiment is conducted for each policy option. The impacts of trade liberalization on the environmental indicators are generally negative in sign but small or moderate in magnitude, both when technology is constant and when technology is allowed to vary.