Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert "Literacy" im Kontext des Deutschlernens in Taiwan, um zu erklären, wie die Kompetenz einer kriti- schen interkulturellen Kommunikation erzielt werden kann. Aus dem Anglo- Amerikanischen stammend und im Deutschen als pädagogischer Fach- und Sammelbegriff für Lese-, Erzähl- und Schrift- kultur geltend, werden dabei im Vergleich zum herkömmlichen Deutschlernen (Lese-, Hör-, Schreib- und Sprech-Verständnis) vor allem die aktive Politik, aktuelle Wirtschaft, pulsie- rende Gesellschaft und der neueste Stand der Wissenschaft, oder gar die hohe Kunst der sprachlichen Abstraktionsfähigkeit vermittelt. Literacy ist in diesem Sinne nach Gee (1991) mit den Sekundärdiskursen identisch, die im Deutschcurriculum durch inhaltlich- orientierte und Genre-basierende Hand- lungen mit einer soziokulturellen Perspektive vermittelt werden. Eine gerade- zu perfekte Möglichkeit, die Sprache als Kultur (Kramsch 1995)im dritten Bereich (Kramsch 2009) zwischen dem Eigenen und dem Fremden kritisch interkulturell zu betrachten, und eine Verpflichtung, die Identität des Deutschlernens in Taiwan anhand von Literacy neu zu durchdenken.
Purpose To investigate the associations among self-compassion, resilience and mental health of community residents. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Voluntary survey of web-based, posters-based platform. Participants 453 community residents. Methods Participants living in Kaohsiung, Taiwan were recruited from posters, online advertisements based platforms and were assessed with the self-compassion scale (SCS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and The Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale) measures during the period from March 1 to October 31, 2023. Results After adjusting for age, gender and education, stepwise regression analysis revealed that isolation, self-judgment, and control accounted for 14% of the variance in depressive symptoms (CES-D) (adjusted R 2 = .149, P < .05). Over-identification, self-kindness and control accounted for 26% of the variance in satisfaction with life (SWLS) (adjusted R 2 = .263, P < .001). Over-identification, self-kindness, isolation, control and personal competence and tenacity accounted for 37% of the variance in positive mental health (PMH-scale) (adjusted R 2 = .375, P < .05). Conclusions Findings suggested that components of self-compassion and resilience may be important factors that promote positive mental health and provide potential interventions for professionals to increase the well-being of community residents.
This paper investigates the effect of political connections on the association between family firms and conservative financial reporting. While family firms have incentives to reduce agency and litigation-related costs by means of conservative reporting, firms with political connections tend to have opaque financial reporting, which enable them to engage in rent-seeking activities. Using data for Taiwanese listed firms between 1996 and 2012, the final sample observations were 13,877 firm-year observations from a population of 21,393 firm-year observations. We found that political connections weaken the positive relationship between family ownership and conservative financial reporting. This suggests that politically connected family firms make fewer demands for conservative financial reporting. This study contributes to the literature on how political connections affect the family owners&rsquo ; reporting incentives. Policy makers may consider political connections as an essential factor with respect to establishing governance practice in family firms.
Wei Zhang,1,* Lili Xu,1,* Shen Gao,2 Nan Ding,2 Ping Shu,1 Zhuo Wang,2 Yuping Li1 1Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhuo Wang; Yuping Li Email wztgyx223@163.com; grace_li_2020@126.comBackground: Proper inhaler technique is highly relevant to the effective management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The tiotropium bromide spray (TBS) (Spiriva® Respimat®) is a soft mist inhaler (SMI) preferred by patients to pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) because of its convenience in use. However, the technique of using TBS inhaler in the real world is unclear.Objective: To evaluate techniques in using TBS inhaler and investigate the association between the patient characteristics and the correct use of TBS inhaler.Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 74 COPD patients who used TBS inhaler device for more than 3 months. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. The technique of using TBS inhaler was evaluated step by step. Incorrect use was defined as the patient's inability to complete the key steps in the inhalation manoeuvre. The percentage of incorrect use was compared between the groups. Risk factors related to incorrect use were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results: Of the 74 participants, only 2 (2.7%) patients completed all the steps correctly, and 48 (64.9%) patients misused the key steps in the inhalation manoeuvre. Incorrect preparation of the TBS inhaler for the first use was the most frequently misused step, accounting for 77.0%. Factors associated with misuse of TBS inhaler included the educational background (p=0.010), living state (p=0.031) and COPD assessment test (CAT) score (p=0.005) of the patients. Additionally, logistic regression analysis showed that the COPD duration was significantly associated with the incorrect use (p=0.019). Compared with patients with a higher educational background, patients with an elementary school background [OR 11652.99, CI: 22.72– 5975697.72], junior high school background [OR 7187.78, CI: 16.41– 3146787] and high school background [OR 1563, CI: 4.27– 572329.67] were more likely to misuse TBS inhaler. Patients living with their spouses alone were also more likely to commit errors in using TBS inhaler as compared with those living with their children [OR 12.29, CI of 1.14– 1.96]. Clinical factors like the COPD symptoms were relative to the technical use of the device. Better technique was accompanied by a lower CAT score [OR 1.49, CI of 1.14– 1.96].Conclusion: The incorrect use of TBS inhaler was common in COPD patients. Healthcare providers should not only teach the patients about the drug preparation but help them use the inhaler correctly. Special attention should be paid to patients with a short COPD duration and a low educational background and those who live without the company of their children. Proper use of TBS inhaler can significantly improve the symptom control of COPD patients.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inhaler technique, soft mist inhaler, incorrect use
