Suchergebnisse

The article shows the phenomenon of instrumentalization of history in educational process of the «Donetsk People's Republic». The authors emphasize that the problem is an urgent question. From one side, investigation is caused by the social necessity connected with the Ukrainian-Russian conflict. From another side, it is the result of the scientific importance related to the current trends of the development of history. The paper is focused on the methodology which is used for instrumentalization of history in educational institutions. Its purpose is to study learning process in the secondary schools of the «Donetsk People's Republic» and identify the methodological peculiarities of teaching the course «History of the Fatherland». The authors conclude that the studied textbooks successfully combine the qualities of educational literature and tools of informational and psychological influence. The most important features of the course «History of the Fatherland» are exaggeration of the regional interests (which are inextricably linked with the state interests of the Russian Federation) and «mnemonic war» (when the very fact of the existence of the Ukrainian ethnic group and Ukrainian statehood becomes the object of concealing). The authors conclude that by means of historical material manipulation and using the political myths of Russian imperial and Soviet historiography course «History of the Fatherland» form a regionally centric Ukrainophobic worldview of the students of ORDO. In the paper it is claimed that the level of instrumentalization of the course «History of the Fatherland» allows talking about it as a mean of information warfare. According to the authors, the presented conclusions should help the Ukrainian society to realize the seriousness of the problem. The paper should encourage cooperation of authorities with scientists to protect national memory policy, because neglecting this issue in the future may lead to coexistence of youth communities in Ukraine with conflicting cultural values.

The article reveals the peculiarities of the Russian Federation's use of the concept of "homo sovietikus" by the philosopher and sociologist O. O. Zinoviev (1926–2006) as a tool of information warfare in the world media space. The relevance of the problem is determined by the urgent need for the state and society of Ukraine to intensify the search for effective means of countering the influence of socially destructive technologies of the aggressor country. The authors consider the literary work of O. O. Zinoviev as one of the sources of the formation of so-called Z-ideology, that is, a complex of ideas and beliefs aimed at justifying the feasibility of Russia's implementation of the Eurasian geopolitical concept in international relations and the legitimization of its armed expansion in the East and West Europe. The article analyzes the content of O. O. Zinoviev's novels "Homo Sovieticus" (1982) and "Para Bellum" (1982). According to the authors of the study, it is necessary to move away from the satirical genre notion of these works established in literary criticism and, instead, to concentrate attention on the practical aspect of the author's recommendations, regarding methods of education, informational and psychological influence on the mass consciousness of a potential mobilization resource of the aggressor state. O. O. Zinoviev described quite clearly and consistently the process of formation of beliefs and moral priorities of the Soviet "superman", who is supposed to destroy Western European civilization. The main methods of raising "homo sovieticus" are the formation in his mind of an anomalous hierarchy of values, where the most important qualities of an individual are aggressiveness, cruelty, mistrust of others, indifference to the family, adaptability, recognition of the priority of the interests of the state. The obvious inferiority of such a person should be compensated by his ability to quickly adapt to the extreme conditions of the future great continental war, unpretentiousness in everyday life, the ability to build relations with representatives of other nations with maximum benefit for himself. The article states that already in the first half of the 1980s O. O. Zinoviev described certain elements of the "hybrid war", which were later used by the Russian Federation during 2014–2022 against Ukraine and the states of the European Union. The authors of the study hope that their conclusions could convince the scientific and general public of Ukraine in the need for an objective rethinking of the Russian literary heritage, including the works of representatives of the so-called "third wave" Russian emigration from the USSR (1960s and early 1990s) who, due to the mass inertia of the political worldview, often get the image of fighters against totalitarianism.

At the beginning of the XXI century, a noticeable segment of the digital environment of the Russian Federation became a mass representation of visual images advertising its armed expansion with the aim of establishing itself within the borders of the USSR and seizing the territories of other states. Among such digital images, illustrations in the genre of alternative history attract attention. Their purpose is to exert propaganda influence in the youth environment. The authors of these works identify Russia and the Soviet Union and suggest the public users to dream about the topic: "How would the course of world history change if the USSR existed in the 21st century?". Source criticism of these visual sources indicates that they belong to the means of informationpsychological influence, which are an integral part of the Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war. The viewer's subconscious feels the aggressive influence of a visual series of Soviet political symbols in the plot, which uses motifs from wellknown works of mass culture, as well as scenes of violence. As a result, in a viewer is formed a psychological setting for a positive assessment of the historical experience of the USSR and a tolerant attitude towards the heroization of the Soviet totalitarian past. One of the most popular plots of propaganda content is the revival of the Soviet Union as a neo-imperial communist project using advanced military-space technologies and the war of the Russian Federation with NATO. The communities "USSR-2061" and "Russian Space Society" are points of crystallization of supporters of such ideas on the Internet. These communities spread their visual messages on Telegram, Facebook, Twitter, VKontakte, LiveJournal and YouTube. As a carrier of ideological allusions are used digital paintings, made by techniques of concept and promo art. Both types of visual art are widely applied in the process of gamification of the digital space. Therefore, they correspond to the aesthetic tastes of modern youth, turning them into the main object of a visual information attack. The conceptual charge of these arts attaches to the use of historical pictorial symbols: the coat of arms and flag of the USSR, details of the landscape, interior, clothing, weapons, and transport. In the paintings depicting the metropolises of the second half of the 21st century, the viewer sees architectural monuments in the style of the Stalinist Empire. Colorful scenes of battle painting «promise» the viewer the complete destruction by Soviet soldiers of the future world of the «collective West». So, according to the authors of the article, the futuristic visual political message for the Russian regime in the course of the hybrid war turned into one of the means of informationpsychological influence, capable of performing manipulative and campaigning functions both in the Russian Federation and in other countries, that belong to the orbit of its desired political influence. The potential possibilities of using futuristic political messages as an informational weapon necessitate further scientific study of this phenomenon.