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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Author Profiles -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Rapid Economic Transformation -- 1.2 Oil Boom 2004-2014 -- 1.3 Slowdown from 2015 to 2017 -- 1.4 Government Reform Initiatives -- 1.5 The Strategic Road Maps on the National Economy Perspective and Main Sectors of the Economy -- 1.6 Initial Results of Diversifying into Agriculture and Tourism -- References -- 2. The Growth Diagnostics Framework -- 2.1 High Cost of Finance -- 2.2 Insufficient Investments in Human Capital and Infrastructure -- 2.3 Government Failures -- 2.4 Market Failures -- 2.5 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- References -- 3. Strengthening Human Capital -- 3.1 Demographic Trends and Labor Market Assessment -- 3.2 Challenges in Education -- 3.3 Challenges in Skills Development -- 3.4 Review of Policies and Programs -- 3.5 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- References -- 4. Enhancing Infrastructure for Economic Diversification and Competitiveness -- 4.1 Infrastructure Vital to the Development Blueprint -- 4.2 Infrastructure Development: Taking Stock -- 4.3 Public Investment in Infrastructure -- 4.4 Institutional Reforms for Smart Public Investments -- 4.5 Pricing Infrastructure Services, Infrastructure Maintenance, and Economic Regulations for Infrastructure -- 4.6 Private Sector Participation -- 4.7 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- References -- 5. Transforming State-Owned Enterprises into Engines of Growth -- 5.1 Oil Shock Exposes SOE Weaknesses -- 5.2 Government Reforms to Raise SOE Efficiency -- 5.3 Overview of SOE Inefficiency -- 5.4 Fiscal Implications of Underperforming SOEs -- 5.5 Impact of the Performance of SOEs on the Economy -- 5.6 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- References -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References.