Suchergebnisse

Analysis of the relationship between in-house R & D expenditure, lumpsum payments made to foreigners for import of technology and the size of the firms, for a sample of 166 manufacturing firms during the 1980s. It is conducted that the relationship between import of technology and domestic R & D expenditures is mainly complementary for the private-sector firms, but is a more complex one for the public-sector firms. (DÜI-Sen)

Country origin of FDI in India manufacturing and its impact on productivity spillover -- Knowledge spillover mechanisms -- Implications of International harmonization of IPR on growth, TFP and welfare -- Determinants of R&D Behavior of Foreign Firms in India -- Foreign Direct Investments and Environmental Policies: A Meta-Analysis -- Innovation and competition in Indian medium and high technology industries -- Interplay of market structure and technological capabilities: Story of consumer electronics in India -- Push Factors of Outward FDI – A Cross Country Analysis of Developed and Developing Countries -- Aggregate Fluctuations and Technological Shocks: The Indian Case -- FDI, Labor Market, and Welfare: How Inequality Navigate Welfare Loss?.

This volume deals with the role and impact of technology on the economy and society. The papers on corporate dimensions address the impact of patents, determinants of innovative activities, differential behaviour of multinationals, industrial groups and other firms with regard to innovations and technology. In contrast, the papers on social dimensions chiefly deal with the role of technology in reducing inequality. The majority of the papers employ econometric techniques and other statistical methods, and many are based on primary data. The studies emphasise the importance of innovations (especially patents) and human capital in influencing productivity across Indian states, the significance of patenting in determining the efficiency of firms, the role of business groups in promoting innovations, differences in the technological characteristics of multinational and domestic firms, and how mergers and acquisitions can promote R & D. The papers on social dimensions analyse how innovative activities can shape employment, the impact of technology on poverty, the socioeconomic characteristics of mobile phone ownerships, use of information and communications technologies at educational institutions, and the influence of Synchronous Technologies in reducing access to teaching programmes. The studies show that those Indian states that have invested in human capital and technology experienced higher labour productivity. Further, the studies establish a positive correlation between R & D spending and employment. Lastly, they demonstrate that the adoption of agriculture-related technologies can have a significant impact on rural poverty and consumption expenditures.

Technology, Market Structure and Internationalization discusses the domestic and external factors that impinge upon the process of technological capability building in developing countries and draws policy implications. Specifically, it examines the interaction between technological effort in developing countries. Providing fresh insights, this volume will be of interest to researchers in development economics as well as to those involved with the creation of policy in developing countries

The papers included in this volume cover several aspects of human capital. It starts with the role of human capital in influencing productivity, employment and growth of employment. The chapters show that Indian States that have been neglecting schooling and health facilities have become victims in terms of low productivity and lower rates of employment. Consequently, employment cannot be increased without spending on education and health. Furthermore, the unorganised sector in India cannot provide gainful employment as productivity in this sector is low and is also declining. Skill intensity influences mainly productivity in the organised sector. As a result, states that have been neglecting human capital would lose on both counts. The chapters also reveal that human capital could be substituted for energy use and help in reducing energy consumption and pollution. India is also one of the important exporters of human capital and the non resident Indians send remittances back to India. The volume indicates that remittances play a significant role in poverty reduction and increase in per capita consumption levels. In addition remittances, unlike foreign direct investments and portfolio investments, are less erratic and are not influenced by slowdown in the world economy. Poverty could also be directly attacked through the use of anti poverty programmes like NREGA. This volume provides an analytical framework and a theoretical model to analyse the impact of these programmes to examine their influence on labour demand, income, prices and productivity. The volume also emphasises the crucial role of the government in directly running education institutions. As seen from the volume government run engineering institutions are technically more efficient than the private run ones.

The paper uses data on a cross section of industries in India for the period 1975-78 to explain inter-industry differences in profitability. Apart from being the first such study based on Indian data, it differs from previous studies in the choice of the skill variable and the analysis of the influence of the foreign trade sector on the profitability of Indian industries. (Deutsche Stiftung für internationale Entwicklung)