Suchergebnisse

TO BE OF SERVICE, THESE QUESTIONS MUST BE ANSWERED: THE "HOW" - METHODS FOR INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF HEALTH SERVICES; "WHO"- PEOPLE PERFORMING THE COMPARISONS; AND "WHY" REASONS FOR THE COMPARISONS. TO PROVOKE AND GUIDE USEFUL CHANGE, THE OBSERVER MUST CLEARLY EXAMINE AND ADDRESS THE NATURE AND THE PURPOSE OF THE COMPARISON.

Evaluating the validity of comparative studies of national health systems is discussed. Three areas frequently open to noncommensurability are detailed: (1) choice of methods, noting differences in descriptive methods employed by insiders & outsiders & problems in comparison of statistics; (2) researcher roles, stressing the impact of different positions & philosophies within the health care system; & (3) reasons for undertaking comparison studies, highlighting the broad range of research assumptions affected. The need for explicit definition of all three areas in any study is seen as crucial to its policy impact. 1 Table. L. Whittemore.

An examination of the relationship between war and public health, this book documents the public health consequences of war and describes what health professionals can do to minimise these consequences and even help prevent war altogether. It explores the effects of war on health, human rights, and the environment.

The weight of scientific evidence indicates that climate change is causally associated with collective violence. This evidence arises from individual studies over wide ranges of time and geographic location, and from two extensive meta-analyses. Complex pathways that underlie this association are not fully understood; however, increased ambient temperatures and extremes of rainfall, with their resultant adverse impacts on the environment and risk factors for violence, appear to play key roles. Collective violence due to climate change poses serious threats to health and human rights, including by causing morbidity and mortality directly and also indirectly by damage to the health-supporting infrastructure of society, forcing people to migrate from their homes and communities, damaging the environment, and diverting human and financial resources. This paper also briefly addresses issues for future research on the relationship between climate change and collective violence, the prevention of collective violence due to climate change, and States' obligations to protect human rights, to prevent collective violence, and to promote and support measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Adapted from the source document.