Suchergebnisse

Ethnic parties are representing the interests of ethnic groups in politics. There is a debate in political science about whether ethnic parties are catalysts for ethnic conflict. The purpose of the article is to provide a critical review of contemporary theoretical and empirical arguments about the relations between ethnic conflicts and ethnic parties. The author focuses on theoretical arguments of supporters of the model of consensus democracy (consociationalism) and supporters of the centripetal model of multiethnic states' institutions. These models see the roles of ethnic parties differently. Consensus model of democracy presupposes active ethnic representation with ethnic parties, while the centripetal model proposes to incorporate ethnic parties into nationwide pre-electoral coalitions. The article proves that these models do not contradict each other, but only describe different institutional designs that can be used in different circumstances. Comparing theoretical and empirical arguments, the author of the article shows that the connection between ethnic parties and ethnic conflicts is found in the context of institutional restrictions on the possibility of including ethnic groups in politics and the lack of cooperation between the elites of ethnic groups

A fundamentally important result of offshore exploration is the identification of a new oilbearing region in the eastern part of the Pechomorsk shelf. Large oil fields have been discovered here: Prirazlomnoye, Varandey-more, Medynskoye-more, Dolginskoye. The explored reserves and resources of hydrocarbons (HC) suggest that in the near future a new oil-producing region will be formed on the shelf of the Pechora Sea. According to the State Balance, the total initial raw oil resources in the Pechora Sea are 3273.2 million tons. The main task of our work is the desire of the authors to draw attention to the problem of accelerating the pace of searches for promising objects on the shelf of the Pechora Sea and additional exploration of already discovered deposits in the Ordovician-Lower Fransk oil and gas megacomplex in the Varandey-Adzvinskaya structural zone (VASZ).The prevailing disproportion between the plans for the development of the fuel and energy complex, its resource availability and the rate of replenishment of the hydrocarbon raw material base of the Pechora Sea shelf may turn into serious problems for the energy security of the country.The further development of a large oil production cluster on the shelf of the Pechora Sea is primarily associated with the prospecting and development of hydrocarbon resources of the relatively deep-lying oil and gas bearing predominantly carbonate Ordovician-Lower Fransky megacomplex (MC) on the VASZ shelf and adjacent areas, especially at the Prirazlomnoye and Medynskoye-more fields.

Political dilemmas arising in a multi-ethnic state in the priorities of language policy context are always acute political issues. The difficulty of balancing the language policy is at the heart of the conflict of interests of different ethnic groups. Frequently, their interests are directly opposed, and the interests of the elites run counter to the interests of the ethnic groups, which creates a set of intractable dilemmas. The authors believe that we face a set of such dilemmas in modern Russia. Throughout the 20th century, the political leaders and elites of the Russian Empire, the USSR, and then the Russian Federation followed diametrically different approaches to the issue of languages. Recent years have witnessed purposeful activity of the Russian Federal center to develop a certain unified concept of language policy to form a common civil identity. However, the measures taken by the Federal center - in particular, the transition to the optional study of regional languages at school - meet with certain resistance from the regional ethnic and national elites for whom they become matters of principle. Regional elites would resist erosion of regional identities, which occurs also through the mechanisms of language policy. Another factor in this political process is associated with the ratio of ethnic groups with certain interests in different regions of Russia (we can often observe the following situation: ethnic majority and Russian minorit. ; В статье рассматривается специфика языковой ситуации, особенности функционирования и взаимодействия языков в многонациональной Республике Татарстан.