Suchergebnisse

Literature on petroleum and its toxicities understands both as simultaneously social and ecological. Beginning with scholarship on petroleum and its toxicity that captures that simultaneity and mutual constitution, this review definespetrotoxicityas the socioecological toxicity inherent in petroleum commodification. The term signals that petroleum's social and ecological toxicities are not merely related, but always/already interdependent and inherent in petroleum commodification. Thinking about petrotoxicity this way frames it as something similar to repressive and ideological apparatuses. Althusserian apparatuses shape subjects and spaces in violent and bureaucratic ways. Generating and resisting petrotoxic apparatuses are consistent themes of literature on petrotoxicity. Thinking with Stuart Hall's critique of Louis Althusser, this review concludes by highlighting scholarship showing the limits of this popular framing of power, ecology, and intervention vis-à-vis petroleum. Long-term fieldwork in North Dakota's Bakken region informs this article at various points.

Um defeito de cor, de Ana Maria Gonçalves, e Compaixão, de Toni Morrison, encenam e iluminam práticas de maternagem negra em contexto de escravidão no Brasil e Estados Unidos, respectivamente. Ambos os textos literários apresentam inúmeras e cruéis tentativas de apropriação e exploração do corpo feminino negro nos dois países. Tanto Gonçalves quanto Morrison criaram personagens femininas negras que se sacrificam e trabalham incansavelmente, mas que também vislumbram a possibilidade de sonhar, transgredir e resistir. Ademais, os dois textos literários dão visibilidade à maternagem e aos corpos maternos negros, tantas vezes idealizados, romantizados ou silenciados.

AbstractAs client‐consumer groups grow, their role in the design and implementation of community mental health services is enlarged. Just as the psychotherapist must pay attention to the client's desires, so must mental health providers pay close attention to the wishes of client‐consumers and their potential contribution to the evolution of the service delivery system.

Intro -- UNFUNDED MANDATES REFORM ACT: EXAMINING THE COSTS AND IMPACTS -- UNFUNDED MANDATES REFORM ACT: EXAMINING THE COSTS AND IMPACTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 UNFUNDED MANDATES REFORM ACT: HISTORY, IMPACT AND ISSUES -- SUMMARY -- AN OVERVIEW OF UMRA, ITS ORIGINS, AND PROVISIONS -- Overview -- Origin -- Summary of UMRA's Provisions -- WHAT IS AN UNFUNDED FEDERAL MANDATE? -- Competing Definitions -- Statutory Direct Orders -- Total and Partial Statutory Preemptions -- Grant-in-Aid Conditions -- Federal Tax Provisions -- Federal Court Decisions -- Administrative Rules Issued by Federal Agencies -- and Regulatory Delays and Non-enforcement -- UMRA's Definition of an Unfunded Federal Mandate -- Exemptions and Exclusions -- UMRA AND CONGRESSIONAL PROCEDURE (TITLE I) -- UMRA's Procedures -- CBO Cost Estimate Statements -- Points of Order for Initial Consideration -- Impact on the Enactment of Statutory Intergovernmental and Private Sector Mandates -- Congressional Issues for Title I -- Exemptions and Exclusions -- UMRA AND FEDERAL RULEMAKING (TITLE II) -- Title II's Exemptions and Exclusions -- Federal Agency Cost Estimate Statements in Major Federal Rules -- Impact on the Rulemaking Process -- Congressional Issues for Title II -- Exemptions and Exclusions -- Federal Agency Consultation Requirements -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- APPENDIX. THE RISE OF UNFUNDED MANDATES AS A NATIONAL ISSUE AND UMRA'S LEGISLATIVE HISTORY -- Increased Number and Cost of Unfunded Mandates -- State and Local Governments Seek Relief from Unfunded Mandates -- The Initial Congressional Response -- Core Federalism Principles Debated During UMRA's Consideration -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 A REVIEW OF CBO'S ACTIVITIES IN 2009 UNDER THE UNFUNDED MANDATES REFORM ACT -- APPENDIX A. AN OVERVIEW OF KEY PROVISIONS IN THE UNFUNDED MANDATES REFORM ACT

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction: The Power of Media in Times of Humanitarian Crisis: Global Challenges, Constraints, and Consequences -- PART 1 Theories and Practice of Media and Their Impact on Humanitarian Action -- 1 Media, Politics, Compassion, and Citizenship in the Post-Humanitarian Debate: Visual Storytelling and the Humanitarian Imaginary -- 2 Communicating for Impact, the Voice of the Victims: The Role of Media Design in Humanitarian and Human Rights Organizations -- 3 The Al-Jazeera Effect: News Media Coverage of Global Humanitarian Emergencies -- 4 Dignity in Times of Crises: Communicating the Need for Global Social Climate Change -- 5 When Media is Used to Incite Violence: The United Nations, Genocide, and Atrocity Crimes -- PART 2 Documentary, News, Human Traffickers, and the Rescue Narratives of Global Migrations: Humanitarianism and Human Rights in an Age of Crisis -- 6 Frontline Doctors: Winter Migrant Crisis, BBC1 (2016) -- 7 A Humanitarian Battlefield: Redefining Border Control as Saving Victims -- 8 From Pity to Control: Regulated Humanitarianism in German Media Coverage of Refugees and Asylum -- 9 Regional Impact of Human Trafficking and Forced Migration: Looking for Solutions in Libya -- 10 The Drowning of SPHERE in the Mediterranean: What Has Happened to Humanitarian Standards in Fortress Europe? -- PART 3 Global Humanitarian Information Policy: Financing, Early Warning, and Crisis Response -- 11 Forecast-based Financing, Early Warning, and Early Action: A Cutting-Edge Strategy for the International Humanitarian Community -- 12 Policy for Media and Communication in Humanitarian Action and Long-term Development Cooperation: Some Norwegian Experiences and Perspectives

Local election officials are the administrators of democracy, but we know little about their views. This paper draws from two national surveys of local election officials. The authors find that local election officials generally support the goals of the federal Help America Vote Act but are less enthusiastic about the actual impact of the legislation. Implementation theory helps explain their evaluation of federal reforms. Goal congruence with reform mandates, resource availability, and a willingness to accept federal involvement predicts support for these reforms. Federal policy changes have promoted electronic systems, and some of the authors' findings are relevant to research on e‐government. Users of electronic voting machines tend to have high confidence in them despite the significant criticism the machines have faced. Local election officials who support e‐government generally are more likely to more positively evaluate federal reforms.