Suchergebnisse

It is published and discussed a detailed description (1573) on marginal provinces of government of Peru, supported by Viceroy Francisco de Toledo, before the Spanish court. The document provides precise information about the border between the kingdoms of Chile and Peru, which places in grade 22 and a half, explicitly up to Sansay, close to the port town of Cobija, coastal of the Atacama Desert. The article postulates that Sansay correspond to the modern port of Gatico, located south of Tocopilla. ; Se publica y comenta una detallada descripción (1573) sobre las provincias marginales de la gobernación del Perú, avalada por el virrey Francisco de Toledo, ante la corte española. El documento brinda noticias precisas acerca del límite fronterizo entre la gobernación del Perú y el reino de Chile, el cual fija en el grado 22 y medio, explícitamente a la altura de Sansay, localidad muy cercana al puerto de Cobija, litoral del desierto de Atacama. El artículo postula que Sansay correspondería al moderno puerto de Gatico, ubicado al sur de Tocopilla.

The document reproduced here is a photographic copy of theonly printed version of the Tapihue Treaty, signed on January 7, 1825,by the patriot army colonel and commander in chief of the High Frontier,Pedro Barnechea, representing the Government of Chile and the principalchief of the alliance "llanista" Juan Mariluán,. It was the fi rst of severalpeace agreement sheld between the republic and the various lineagesMapuche groups after independence. While the content of the treatyhas circulated before, a visual reproduction of the original form afterbeing published by order of Congress, in the workshops of the NationalPrinting Offi ce, Santiago de Chile, was not available. It is therefore areliable picture of the "offi cial" sponsored by the Chilean legislature.It is preceded by a presentation that explains the history surrounding itsrelease, rediscovery and technical analysis. Likewise, this presentationprovides comments relevant to the legal scope, anthropological andpolitical content. It makes a special refl ection on the political statusacquired through the territory of Araucania, one of the themes of thiswork, derived from Fondecyt project on the development of the Mapuchesociety at the beginnings of the Chilean republic. ; El documento reproducido es una copia fotográfica del único texto impreso del Tratado de Tapihue, suscrito el 7 de enero de 1825, por el coronel del ejército patriota y comandante en jefe de la Alta Frontera, Pedro Barnechea, en representación del gobierno de Chile, y el cacique principal de la alianza "llanista", Juan Mariluán; el primero de varios acuerdos de paz llevados a cabo entre la república y las diversas parcialidades mapuches, tras la Independencia. Si bien el contenido del tratado ha sido muy difundido últimamente, nunca se había efectuado una reprografía visual del impreso original, tras su publicación, por orden del Congreso Nacional, en los talleres de la Imprenta Nacional, de Santiago de Chile. Se trata, por consiguiente, de una imagen fidedigna de la versión "oficial" ...

A Convenção de Havana de 1928 dispõe em seu artigo 2.°: "Os funcionáriosdiplomáticos dividem-se em ordinários e extraordinários. São consideradosordinários os que representam de maneira permanente o Govêrno deum Estado perante outro. São extraordinários os encarregados de missão especial,ou os que se acreditam para representar o Govêrno em conferências,congressos ou outros organismos internacionais".

A Convenção de Havana de 1928 dispõe em seu artigo 2.°: "Os funcionáriosdiplomáticos dividem-se em ordinários e extraordinários. São consideradosordinários os que representam de maneira permanente o Govêrno deum Estado perante outro. São extraordinários os encarregados de missão especial,ou os que se acreditam para representar o Govêrno em conferências,congressos ou outros organismos internacionais".

Abstract Hydrocarbon reservoirs can be classified as unconventional or conventional depending on the oil and gas extraction difficulty, such as the need for high-cost technology and techniques. The hydrocarbon extraction from bituminous shale, commonly known as shale gas/oil, is performed by using the hydraulic fracturing technique in unconventional reservoirs where 95% water, 0.5% of additives and 4.5% of proppants are used. Environmental problems related to hydraulic fracturing technique and better performance/development of proppants are the current challenge faced by companies, researchers, regulatory agencies, environmentalists, governments and society. Shale gas is expected to increase USA fuel production, which triggers the development of new proppants and technologies of exploration. This paper presents a review of the definition of proppants, their types, characteristics and situation in the world market and information about manufacturers. The production of nanoscale materials such as anticorrosive and intelligent proppants besides proppants with carbon nanotubes is already carried out on a scale of tonnes per year in Belgium, Germany and Asia countries.