The supply of water to rural areas has historically provided the Mexican government with a significant challenge. Years of uncertainty in relation to responsibility for water supply, as well as geographical differences across the country and a division between rural and urban areas, explain this phenomenon. I have reviewed in this paper a substantial proportion of the literature on this topic, the reasons behind its nature, and the solutions to the problem in Mexico, as my main aim. The key conclusion is that while improvements in rural water supply in Mexico have been made, further work is required for equality in its supply.
The supply of water to rural areas has historically provided the Mexican government with a significant challenge. Years of uncertainty in relation to responsibility for water supply, as well as geographical differences across the country and a division between rural and urban areas, explain this phenomenon. I have reviewed in this paper a substantial proportion of the literature on this topic, the reasons behind its nature, and the solutions to the problem in Mexico, as my main aim. The key conclusion is that while improvements in rural water supply in Mexico have been made, further work is required for equality in its supply.
Improving water governance is essential to address water resource insecurity in developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this research paper is to propose a set of conceptual references for the integration of a water governance model that helps diagnose water management challenges. It is concluded that the conceptual references should integrate economic, political, social and environmental factors, and further research on the topic is suggested in order to obtain concrete results on how to integrate a water governance model in a given context. ; La mejora de la gobernanza del agua es fundamental para afrontar la inseguridad del recurso hídrico en los países en vías de desarrollo. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación documental es proponer un conjunto de referentes conceptuales para la integración de un modelo de gobernanza del agua, que coadyuve a diagnosticar los desafíos derivados de la gestión del agua. Se concluye que los referentes conceptuales deben integrar factores económicos, políticos, sociales y medio ambientales, y se sugiere profundizar en el tema para obtener resultados concretos de cómo integrar un modelo de gobernanza en un contexto determinado.
The supply of water to rural areas has historically provided the Mexican government with a significant challenge. Years of uncertainty in relation to responsibility for water supply, as well as geographical differences across the country and a division between rural and urban areas, explain this phenomenon. I have reviewed in this paper a substantial proportion of the literature on this topic, the reasons behind its nature, and the solutions to the problem in Mexico, as my main aim. The key conclusion is that while improvements in rural water supply in Mexico have been made, further work is required for equality in its supply.
En el análisis de la ciudad actual, tan compleja y de cambios tan rápidos, encontramos que existe una emergencia de nuevas realidades que requieren ser comprendidas y que parecen no ajustarse a los esquemas explicativos usuales. Pero justamente esos nuevos fenómenos urbanos —resultado de las transformaciones históricas, económicas y culturales que sufren las sociedades en nuestros días— deben motivar nuestra búsqueda de material teórico-conceptual que nos ayude a comprender, describir y explicar dichos fenómenos. Por ello, el sentido del libro reseñado es, de entrada, de importancia considerable; los investigadores que participan aportan elementos cruciales de los procesos actuales, sus tendencias y perspectivas a corto y mediano plazos, entendiendo la complejidad urbana como un espacio fundamentalmente económico. En la introducción, se plantea que ante la diversidad y el crecimiento del fenómeno urbano y su vertiginosa transformación es necesaria "la construcción de una teoría en el marco de los procesos de internacionalización del capital desde un punto de vista local y regional" (p. 19), que rescate, se nutra y supere las teorías urbanas anteriores.
En el año 1838 el Capitán General decide instalar en la ciudad de Trujillo un hospital militar debido al asentamiento de varios regimientos de Infantería y Caballería en dicha zona. El hospital se ubicó en el convento de San Miguel, aprovechando que este se encontraba vacío. Prestarían servicio en el mismo los tres médicos, el boticario y el practicante de la cuidad y fueron contratados tres enfermeros que se encargarían de atender a los militares enfermos. La Diputación Provincial de Cáceres fue la encargada de suministrar parte de los recursos materiales, lencería, ropa para los militares. Siendo el Ayuntamiento de la cuidad el que debía sufragar el resto de gastos que ocasionara el mismo, personal, víveres, medicinas, entre otros. En el hospital, según los registros encontrados en el archivo, se atendieron a un total de 93 militares y un preso, en un período de unos tres meses, que originaron unos 1714 días de ingreso. El hospital de San Miguel estuvo en funcionamiento por un período de unos dos años, el cierre del mismo que se estableció a finales del mes de octubre de 1839, pudo deberse al excesivo gasto que suponía mantener tal infraestructura o al desacuerdo entre el Capitán General y la Corporación Local. Los objetivos del presente trabajo son: conocer la dotación de personal de dicha institución, centrándonos en la figura del personal de enfermería; exponer los recursos materiales con los que contaban el personal asistencial para dar dicha atención y describir la atención prestada a los militares enfermos que estaban ingresados en dicho hospital. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio histórico-documental, durante los años 2013-2014, de los legajos que se encuentran depositados en el Archivo Municipal de Trujillo. Tras esta investigación podemos concluir que la figura del personal de enfermería era clave dentro del funcionamiento del Hospital Militar de San Miguel, pues es este colectivo el encargado de prestar los cuidados necesarios a los militares enfermos en pro de su recuperación. Fueron entidades como la Diputación Provincial y el Ayuntamiento de la cuidad los que sufragaron los gastos que el mismo originó. ; The settlement of several infantry and cavalry regiments in the area of Trujillo led the general captain to install a Hospital in the town. Such hospital was placed in San Miguel's convent, since it was unoccupied. The three physicians, a pharmacist and the nursery assistant of Trujillo rendered service at the hospital, together three nurses hired to attend military patients. The Province Council of Caceres was encharged of supply the hospital material necessities, and the City Council beared the cost of expenses and staff salary. As the recordings shown, 93 military patients and one prisioner were attended at the hospital in a three-months period, rendering 1714 days of internment. San Miguel Hospital was operative for two years, being closed at the end October 1839. Objectives: to determine the staffing of the institution, focusing on the figure of the nursing staff; exposing the materials that had the care team to give such care and attention given to describe the military patients who were admitted to the hospital resources. It has made a historical documentary study for the years 2013-2014, of the files that are deposited in the Municipal Archives of Trujillo. Following this research we can conclude that the figure of the nurses was crucial in the functioning of the Military Hospital of San Miguel, because this group is responsible for providing the necessary care for military patients towards recovery. Were entities like the County and the City of the city which covered the cost that it originated. ; Em 1838 o Capitão-general decide instalar um hospital militar na cidade de Trujillo devido às varias companhias assentadas na zona. Estabeleceu-se o hospital no antigo mosteiro de São Miguel, na altura desabitado. Davam assistência a este hospital os três médicos, o boticário e o practicante (pessoa encarregada pela administração de medicamentos e injecções sob a direção do médico) da cidade assim como três enfermeiros que foram contratados para o atendimento dos militares doentes. A Deputação Provicial de Cáceres, foi a encarregada de fornecer parte dos recursos materiais, lingerie e roupa para os militares. A Câmara Municipal suportava o resto das despesas, entre as quais as de pessoal, vitualhas e medicamentos. Segundo os registros do arquivo, no hospital foram atendidos –num periodo de três meses- 93 militares e um recluso, com um total de 1.714 dias de internamento. O Hospital de São Miguel esteve a funcionar por volta de dois anos até, em Outubro de 1839. Os objetivos do presente trabalho são: conhezer a dotação do pessoal da dita instituição, nomeadamente do pessoal de enfermagem; expor os recursos materiais com os que contava o pessoal técnico para facilitar os ditos cuidados assim como pormenorizar a atenção dada aos militares doentes hospitalizados nesta instituição. Para isto foi realizado um estúdio histórico-documental ao longo de 2013-2014 dos documentos depositados no Arquivo Municipal de Trujillo. Após a pesquisa podemos concluir que o pessoal de enfermagem era essencial para o funcionamento do Hospital Militar de São Miguel, pois era esta coletividade a encarregada nos cuidados dados aos militares doentes para a sua recuperação. Foram instituições tais como a Deputão Provicial e a Câmara Municipal da cidade quem custearam as despesas geradas pelo Hospital.
The settlement of several infantry and cavalry regiments in the area of Trujillo led the general captain to install a Hospital in the town. Such hospital was placed in San Miguel's convent, since it was unoccupied. The three physicians, a pharmacist and the nursery assistant of Trujillo rendered service at the hospital, together three nurses hired to attend military patients.The Province Council of Caceres was encharged of supply the hospital material necessities, and the City Council beared the cost of expenses and staff salary. As the recordings shown, 93 military patients and one prisioner were attended at the hospital in a three-months period, rendering 1714 days of internment.San Miguel Hospital was operative for two years, being closed at the end October 1839.Objectives: to determine the staffing of the institution, focusing on the figure of the nursing staff; exposing the materials that had the care team to give such care and attention given to describe the military patients who were admitted to the hospital resources.It has made a historical documentary study for the years 2013-2014, of the files that are deposited in the Municipal Archives of Trujillo.Following this research we can conclude that the figure of the nurses was crucial in the functioning of the Military Hospital of San Miguel, because this group is responsible for providing the necessary care for military patients towards recovery. Were entities like the County and the City of the city which covered the cost that it originated. ; En el año 1838 el Capitán General decide instalar en la ciudad de Trujillo un hospital militar debido al asentamiento de varios regimientos de Infantería y Caballería en dicha zona. El hospital se ubicó en el convento de San Miguel, aprovechando que este se encontraba vacío. Prestarían servicio en el mismo los tres médicos, el boticario y el practicante de la cuidad y fueron contratados tres enfermeros que se encargarían de atender a los militares enfermos.La Diputación Provincial de Cáceres fue la encargada de ...
Durante los siglos XVI y XVII surgieron dos nuevas propuestas iconográficas para la representación de San Miguel arcángel, que no recogen los manuales de iconografía. Una de ellas, elaborada por Martín de Vos, le muestra con la mano derecha aureolada por el sol, y portando una palma en la mano izquierda. La otra, desarrollada en Andalucía por Francisco Pacheco y los seguidores de Zurbarán, le representa con indumentaria militar del siglo XVI, sosteniendo una rodela y un bastón de mando. Ambas imágenes responden a nuevos enfoques en la devoción de San Miguel propiciadas por la Contrarreforma. Las dos fueron incorporadas a las series angélicas, y alcanzaron gran popularidad tanto en España como en América. ; During the 16th and 17th centuries two new iconographic designs appeared for the representation of San Miguel archangel that did not reflect the manuals of iconography. One of which, elaborated by Martín de Vos, shows him with his right hand ringed by the sun, and carrying a palm tree leaf in his left hand. The other, developed in Andalucía by Francisco Pacheco and the followers of Zurbarán, represented San Miguel with military attire of the 16th century, holding a shield and baton. Both images respond to new focuses in the devotion of San Miguel favored by the Counter-reform. Both were incorporated in the angelic series and achieved great popularity both in Spain and America.
This article presents the results of a research developed during the course «Education and Social Harmony», from early childhood teachers specialty, which was offered from August to December 2013 by the Faculty of Education from thePontifical Catholic University from Peru (PUCP). The field work was in charge oftwenty three early childhood students. The study was delimited as an action ofsocial responsibility. It has as a premise to show the different points of view that children have from their districts. The study was developed in six early childhood institutions from Metropolitan Lima, three of them belong San Miguel district,and the rest from Miraflores district. The choices were made by Municipality staffs and the total of kids that were asked their opinions were four hundred fifty three (four to five years old). The article reflects the voice of these children, their dreams, and opinions from their cities which are fundamental not only for district improvement, but as a way of social learning that stimulates the inclusion and participation of all citizens and promotes the democratic harmony. ; El artículo presenta los resultados del estudio desarrollado como parte del curso de Educación para la Convivencia que ofreció la Facultad de Educación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), entre los meses de agosto adiciembre del año 2013. El trabajo de campo estuvo a cargo de las veintitrés estudiantes de la especialidad de Educación Inicial y se ejecutó como una acción de responsabilidad social universitaria, la cual tenía como premisa dar a conocerlas opiniones de los niños en cuanto al lugar donde viven. El estudio se realizó en un total de seis instituciones educativas de educación inicial de dos distritos de Lima Metropolitana, tres de ellas pertenecientes al distrito de Miraflores y las otras al distrito de San Miguel. La elección de los centros fue facilitada por las municipalidades de ambos distritos y en total se entrevistó a cuatrocientos cincuenta y tres niños y niñas de cuatro y cinco años, quienes brindaron creativasy sólidas respuestas y propuestas con respecto a sus distritos. El artículo refleja la voz de los niños, sus sueños y opiniones sobre sus ciudades, las cuales son fundamentales para la mejora no solamente de su distrito, sino también constituye una forma de aprendizaje social que estimula la participación e inclusión de todos los ciudadanos y promueve la convivencia democrática. ; Ao artigo apresenta aos resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida ao curso Educação pra à convivência oferecida por à Faculdade de Educação de Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Peru (PUCP) entre aos meses de agosto a dezembro de 2013. Não trabalho de campo esteve desenvolvida pelas vinte e três estudantes de á especialidade educação inicial e foi executado como uma ação de responsabilidade social universitária. Ao objetivo foi dar a conhecer as opiniões de as crianças com respeito a suas cidades. No estudo foi realizado em seis instituições educativas de educação inicial pertencentes a dois distritos de Lima Metropolitana, trêssituados em Miraflores, e três ao distrito de San Miguel. À eleição das instituições foi facilitada p elas municipalidades correspondentes. Realizaramse entrevistas a quatrocentos cinquenta três crianças de três, quatro e cinco anhos. Eles brindaram criativos e solidas respostas e propostas. Ao artigo reflexo na voz de crianças, sonhos, e opiniões de suas cidades. Estas são fundamentares pra melhorar seudistrito, e também as a forma de aprendizagem social que estimula à participação e inclusão de todos aos cidadãos e promove à conivência democrática.
Even though the city of San Miguel de Tucumán was located in a peripheral, mountain and remote geography, the wars of independence, and particularly the cantonment of the Ejército Auxiliar del Perú, revitalized its territory and reinforced their integration into the political-military circuits of what we may call Atlantic networks. This city, that had been a battlefield (1812) but also the main quartering site of that army between 1812 and 1819, doubled its population and underwent transformations derived from the arrival of hundreds of officers and troops, with the consequent technical changes derived from the need to build hospitals, fortifications, military factories and other ways of supplying the new arrivals. Understood at the time as an army of porteños, regarding the origin of the majority of its officers and sub-officialdom, however, a small but significant part of the officers were European, who brought with them the technical knowledge learned during their passage through the Napoleonic Wars. The objective of the article is to analyze the atlantic network created by the arrival of political and military officers such as the French Philippe Bertrés (1786-1856), Enrique Paillardell (1785-1815), Jean Joseph D'Auxion de La Vayesse (1775-1829), the Austrian Baron Holmberg (1778-1853), and the Italian Emilio Salvigni (1789-1866), all of them officers that brought specific knowledge (military techniques, mathematics, agronomy) that contributed to their integration into local networks. ; Fil: Nanni, Francisco. CONICET. UNT; Argentina. ; Fil: Morea, Alejandro Hernán. CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina.
