Suchergebnisse

This article examines the extent to which women were nominated by the major parties to run for the House of Representatives in contests they had little chance of winning. The findings indicate that between 1916 and 1978, a larger proportion of women than men was nominated for "hopeless" contests, but the difference, while significant at times, is not as great as might be expected. Republican women fared better than Democratic women during the first 50 years, but that pattern was recently reversed. Nevertheless, Democrats were not much better off in the 1970s than they were in the 1930s, and Republicans were decidedly worse off. A steady increase in the number of women nominated for House seats suggests that the number of women Representatives will grow, in spite of continued gender-related differences in the nominating process.

Mangrove forests are found on sheltered coastlines in tropical, subtropical, and some warm temperate regions. These forests support unique biodiversity and provide a range of benefits to coastal communities, but as a result of large-scale conversion for aquaculture, agriculture, and urbanization, mangroves are considered increasingly threatened ecosystems. Scientific advances have led to accurate and comprehensive global datasets on mangrove extent, structure, and condition, and these can support evaluation of ecosystem services and stimulate greater conservation and rehabilitation efforts. To increase the utility and uptake of these products, in this Perspective we provide an overview of these recent and forthcoming global datasets and explore the challenges of translating these new analyses into policy action and on the ground conservation. We describe a new platform for visualizing and disseminating these datasets to the global science community, non-governmental organizations, government officials, and rehabilitation practitioners and highlight future directions and collaborations to increase the uptake and impact of largescale mangrove research.