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Vejdirektoratet har siden 1995 administreret en række af Trafikministeriets puljeordninger, der har medfinansieret omkring 300 demonstrationsprojekter i amter og kommuner indenfor vejområdet. Puljernes primære mål har været at fremme de nationale mål indenfor sikkerhed og miljø samt at fremme nytænkning, innovation og samarbejde i vejsektoren. Godt halvdelen af projekterne er afsluttede og evalueringerne viser, at projekterne i vid udstrækning har opfyldt målene. Paperet indenholder en overordnet opsamling på puljeprojekterne samt en mere detaljeret beskivelse af udvalgte projekter.

Reading contemporary literature can clarify a difficult and contested – yet important – argument made by Judith Butler and Isabell Lorey in their theorizations of precarity. For Butler and Lorey, precarity is an ambivalent condition: precaritization is a mode of domination, yet it also opens up new opportunities for creating political community. Such an argument runs the risk of seeming to justify or defend neoliberal exploitation. But we show how literary modes of representation work to make precarity's complex ambivalence – the coexistence of despair and hope, isolation and belonging – visible and legible. To make this argument, we examine two very different examples of contemporary British writing: Chris Dunkley's play The Precariat (2013) which focuses on inner-city, working-class youth, and Amy Liptrot's memoir The Outrun (2016) in which an aspiring creative worker begins to feel increasingly attuned to nature during her recovery from addiction. Through close readings of these works, we show how their literary and dramatic strategies enable them to suggest both the difficulty and anxiety, and the possibility and hope, which exist within the experience of precarity. Reading these texts together therefore renders Butler and Lorey's difficult and controversial argument about the potential of precarity easier to grasp and imagine.

This study is motivated by the financial scarcity allocated by governments to nature conservation, national park maintenance and sustainable development in many parts of the world. The article explores how governance structures are transformed from a top-down, state-driven model towards a 'third way', with more extensive collaborative and participative structures. The willingness to volunteer in the Wadden Sea National Park in Denmark is examined in detail. The volunteers constitute a considerable labour resource. Volunteers participate in well-structured events, such as beach clean-ups and festivals, but they increasingly assist with facilities maintenance, nature restoration, citizen science activities, etc. Findings show that residents from the vicinity of the national park express the most interest, but visitors from other parts of Denmark are also willing to volunteer. This suggests a strong potential for integrating volunteering with tourist experiences and meaningful engagements with others. Advantages and disadvantages of gradual state withdrawal of protected area governance are discussed, which exposes a significant obligation to ensure that goals of protection and sustainability are aligned with volunteer engagement, which urgently calls for governance innovation in national parks.

National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (GHGI) are submitted annually to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). They are estimated in compliance with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodological guidance using activity data, emission factors and facility-level measurements. For some sources, the outputs from these calculations are very uncertain. Inverse modelling techniques that use high-quality, long-term measurements of atmospheric gases have been developed to provide independent verification of national GHGI. This is considered good practice by the IPCC as it helps national inventory compilers to verify reported emissions and to reduce emission uncertainty. Emission estimates from the InTEM (Inversion Technique for Emissions Modelling) model are presented for the UK for the hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) reported to the UNFCCC (HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-23, HFC-32, HFC-227ea, HFC-245fa, HFC-43-10mee and HFC-365mfc). These HFCs have high Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) and the global background mole fractions of all but two are increasing, thus highlighting their relevance to the climate and a need for increasing the accuracy of emission estimation for regulatory purposes. This study presents evidence that the long-term annual increase in growth of HFC-134a has stopped and is now decreasing. For HFC-32 there is an early indication its rapid global growth period has ended, and there is evidence that the annual increase in global growth for HFC-125 has slowed from 2018. The inverse modelling results indicate that the UK implementation of European Union regulation of HFC emissions has been successful in initiating a decline in UK emissions in the since 2018. Comparison of the total InTEM UK HFC emissions in 2020 with the average from 2009–2012 shows a drop of 35%, indicating progress toward the target of a 79% decrease in sales by 2030. The total InTEM HFC emission estimates (2008–2018) are on average 73 (62–83)% of, or 4.3 (2.7–5.9) Tg CO2-eq yr−1 lower than, the total HFC emission estimates from the UK GHGI inventory. There are also significant discrepancies between the two estimates for the individual HFCs.