Divided loyalty: elections test Bosnia-Herzegovina's unity
In: Jane's Intelligence review: the magazine of IHS Jane's Military and Security Assessments Intelligence centre, Band 22, Heft 9, S. 30-36
ISSN: 1350-6226
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In: Jane's Intelligence review: the magazine of IHS Jane's Military and Security Assessments Intelligence centre, Band 22, Heft 9, S. 30-36
ISSN: 1350-6226
World Affairs Online
In: Jane's Intelligence review: the magazine of IHS Jane's Military and Security Assessments Intelligence centre, Band 22, Heft 2, S. 33-37
ISSN: 1350-6226
World Affairs Online
In: The world today, Band 66, Heft 10, S. 30-31
ISSN: 0043-9134
World Affairs Online
In: Third world quarterly, Band 30, Heft 8, S. 1483-1501
ISSN: 1360-2241
In: The Pacific review, Band 22, Heft 5, S. 575-596
ISSN: 1470-1332
In: The world today, Band 65, Heft 11, S. 25-26
ISSN: 0043-9134
World Affairs Online
In: Jane's Intelligence review: the magazine of IHS Jane's Military and Security Assessments Intelligence centre, Band 21, Heft 4, S. 24-27
ISSN: 1350-6226
World Affairs Online
In: Third world quarterly, Band 30, Heft 8, S. 1483-1501
ISSN: 0143-6597
World Affairs Online
In: The Pacific review, Band 22, Heft 5, S. 575-596
ISSN: 0951-2748
This article examines the interplay between security sector developments and national unity in East Timor since the Indonesian occupation ended in 1999. Particular attention is paid to the regional distinction between Loromonu and Lorosae - people from the west and east of East Timor, respectively. In 2006, East Timor experienced a crisis that saw the disintegration of the military and police forces, and widespread violence that led to massive internal displacement. It was during this crisis that the Loromonu-Lorosae distinction first emerged as a major societal cleavage. The article argues that the independence cause and the guerrilla force Falintil had been an important focus of East Timorese national unity in 1999. In the years that followed, however, the implementation of flawed security policies led to new military and police forces that were politicized, factionalized and lacking in cohesion. Prior to the 2006 crisis, the Loromonu-Lorosae distinction was primarily an issue within the army. As the crisis escalated, however, the violence was to a large extent framed by the east-west dimension, and popular perceptions of the military as 'eastern' and the police as 'western' hardened. A year after the crisis, little if any progress had been made towards reducing the increased salience of the Loromonu-Lorosae distinction in society. The main internal security challenges - gang activity, the unresolved issue of the so-called 'petitioners', and the destabilizing role played by fugitive former head of military police Alfredo Reinado - all had an east-west dimension. The article also finds that new initiatives aimed at reforming East Timor's military and police forces appeared to be lacking in both depth and relevance for addressing the country's new level of internal division, and its immediate, internal security challenges. (Pac Rev/GIGA)
World Affairs Online
In: The world today, Band 65, Heft 11, S. 25-26
ISSN: 0043-9134
In: Journal of peace research, Band 45, Heft 6, S. 858-858
ISSN: 1460-3578
In: Udenrigs, Heft 2, S. 106-108
ISSN: 1395-3818
I 1999 fremstod Øst-Timor som det perfekte la- boratorium for statsbygning under international ledelse. Men siden er meget gået galt.
In: Armed forces & society, Band 33, Heft 4, S. 571-590
ISSN: 1556-0848
This article surveys recent cases of internationalized statebuilding in postintervention, post—(ethnic) conflict societies in the light of an academic tradition that has seen military forces as a particularly effective vehicle for integrating a country's diverse population. It is argued that armed forces that are ethnically representative in their ranks and leadership can encourage a sense of commonality across ethnic boundaries, which can help secure a fragile peace. However, the connection between representativeness and integration is intricate; and whereas outside powers may enable otherwise unlikely outcomes, their leverage is circumscribed by a number of factors. The article also suggests that an ethnically representative army may "tie up" capabilities in ways that reduce the likelihood of military intervention in politics or (ethnic) violence perpetrated by military personnel.
In: Armed forces & society: official journal of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society : an interdisciplinary journal, Band 33, Heft 4, S. 571-590
ISSN: 0095-327X
In: Asian survey, Band 46, Heft 4, S. 575-596
ISSN: 1533-838X
Three political arenas in East Timor are examined regarding the goal of consolidating peace: governance under Fretilin leadership, the issue of official languages, and the security sector. The article finds that inclusiveness, transparency, and efforts to minimize conflict are lacking in current policies and political processes.