Suchergebnisse

AIM: The aim of this paper is to report on a systematic review of the world literature to provide information about the most effective forms of health promotion interventions to reduce childhood (0-14 years) unintentional injuries. The findings are of relevance to policy makers at a local or national level, to practitioners and researchers. METHODS: The relevant literature has been identified through the use of electronic databases, hand searching of journals, scanning reference lists, and consultation with key informants. RESULTS: Examples of interventions that have been effective in reducing injury include: bicycle helmet legislation, area wide traffic calming measures, child safety restraint legislation, child resistant containers to prevent poisoning, and window bars to prevent falls. Interventions effective in changing behaviour include bicycle helmet education and legislation, child restraint legislation, child restraint loan schemes, child restraint educational campaigns, pedestrian education aimed at the child/parent, provision of smoke detectors, and parent education on home hazard reduction. For the community based campaigns, the key to success has been the sustained use of surveillance systems, the commitment of interagency cooperation and the time needed to develop networks and implement a range of interventions. Education, environmental modification and legislation all have a part to play and their effect in combination is important. CONCLUSION: The design of evaluations in injury prevention needs to be improved so that more reliable evidence can be obtained. Better information is needed on process, so that successful strategies can be replicated elsewhere. There is also a need for literature reviews on effectiveness to be updated regularly and for their findings to be widely disseminated to policy makers, researchers, and practitioners.

The International Network for Social Workers in Acquired Brain Injury (INSWABI) commissioned a systematic scoping review to ascertain the social work generated evidence base on people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) of working age. The review aimed to identify the output, impact and quality of publications authored by social workers on this topic. Study quality was evaluated through assessment frameworks drawn from the United Kingdom National Service Framework for Long-Term Conditions. In the 40-year period from 1975 to 2014, 115 items were published that met the search criteria (intervention studies, n = 10; observational studies, n = 52; literature reviews, n = 6; expert opinion or policy analysis, n = 39; and others, n = 6). The publications could be grouped into five major fields of practice: families, social inclusion, military, inequalities and psychological adjustment. There was a significant increase in the number of publications over each decade. Impact was demonstrated in that the great majority of publications had been cited at least once (80.6%, 103/115). Articles published in rehabilitation journals were cited significantly more often than articles published in social work journals. A significant improvement in publication quality was observed across the four decades, with the majority of studies in the last decade rated as high quality.

The low-energy structure of 65Fe has been studied by means of γ and fast-timing spectroscopy at the ISOLDE facility, CERN. A level scheme of 65Fe populated following the β-decay of 65Mn was established for the first time. It includes 41 levels and 85 transitions. The excitation energy of the β-decaying isomer in 65Fe has been precisely determined at 393.7(2) keV. The β-delayed neutron emission branch was measured as Pn = 7.9(12)%, which cannot be reconciled with the previously reported value of 21.0(5)%. Four γ rays and four excited states in 64Fe were identified as being populated following the β-n decay. Four lifetimes and five lifetime limits in the subnanosecond range have been measured using the advanced time-delayed βγγ(t) method. The level scheme is compared with shell-model calculations. Tentative spin and parity assignments are proposed based on the observed transition rates, the calculations, and the systematics of the region ; This work was supported by the Spanish MINECO (FPA2010-17142 and FPA2011-29854), CPAN (CSD-2007- 00042@ Ingenio 2010), RA-NET NuPNET (PRI-PIMNUP- 2011-1338 and PRI-PIMMNUP-2011-1361) and Comunidad de Madrid, Spain (HEPHACOS S2009/ESP-1473). Support by Grupo de Física Nuclear (GFN-UCM) and by the European Union Seventh Framework through ENSAR (Contract No. 262010) is also acknowledged. Fast timing electronics were provided by the Fast Timing Collaboration and MASTICON. B.O. acknowledges funding by the CPAN (CSD-2007- 00042@ Ingenio 2010) project. A.A. and S.R.L. acknowledge funding by the US NSF under Contract No. PHY-07-58100.

The low-energy structure of 65Fe has been studied by means of γ and fast-timing spectroscopy at the ISOLDE facility, CERN. A level scheme of 65Fe populated following the β-decay of 65Mn was established for the first time. It includes 41 levels and 85 transitions. The excitation energy of the β-decaying isomer in 65Fe has been precisely determined at 393.7(2) keV. The β-delayed neutron emission branch was measured as Pn = 7.9(12)%, which cannot be reconciled with the previously reported value of 21.0(5)%. Four γ rays and four excited states in 64Fe were identified as being populated following the β-n decay. Four lifetimes and five lifetime limits in the subnanosecond range have been measured using the advanced time-delayed βγγ(t) method. The level scheme is compared with shell-model calculations. Tentative spin and parity assignments are proposed based on the observed transition rates, the calculations, and the systematics of the region. © 2013 American Physical Society. ; This work was supported by the Spanish MINECO (FPA2010-17142 and FPA2011-29854), CPAN (CSD-2007- 00042@ Ingenio 2010), RA-NET NuPNET (PRI-PIMNUP- 2011-1338 and PRI-PIMMNUP-2011-1361) and Comunidad de Madrid, Spain (HEPHACOS S2009/ESP-1473). Support by Grupo de F´ısica Nuclear (GFN-UCM) and by the European Union Seventh Framework through ENSAR (Contract No. 262010) is also acknowledged. ; Peer Reviewed