The Error Term and Accident in Nuclear War
In: Peace research reviews, Band 10, Heft 4, S. 58
ISSN: 0553-4283
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In: Peace research reviews, Band 10, Heft 4, S. 58
ISSN: 0553-4283
In: International Studies Quarterly, Band 29, Heft 3, S. 245
In: International studies quarterly: the journal of the International Studies Association, Band 29, Heft 3, S. 245-262
ISSN: 0020-8833, 1079-1760
World Affairs Online
In: Bulletin of peace proposals: to motivate research, to inspire future oriented thinking, to promote activities for peace, Band 15, Heft 4, S. 317-320
ISSN: 2516-9181
In: Études internationales: revue trimestrielle, Band 15, Heft 4, S. 849
ISSN: 0014-2123
In: Bulletin of peace proposals: to motivate research, to inspire future oriented thinking, to promote activities for peace, Band 15, Heft 4, S. 317-320
ISSN: 0007-5035
In: Bulletin of peace proposals: to motivate research, to inspire future oriented thinking, to promote activities for peace, Band 13, Heft 2, S. 69-71
ISSN: 2516-9181
In: Journal of peace research, Band 19, Heft 1, S. 37-48
ISSN: 1460-3578
The understanding of international war, like many complex social events, may be - and has been - ap proached from a range of theoretical perspectives and via a variety of research strategies. Outside of the work of Bloch (1898), Sorokin (1936), Richardson (1941), and Wright (1942), however, there was little re search of a scientific nature until the mid-1960s. And while these past fifteen years have certainly not given us a compelling theory of international war, they have seen a steady growth in cumulative knowledge regar ding the correlates of war. These results, despite the expected mix of inconsistencies and anomalies, provide us with some sense of the factors that are most consistently associated with war over the last century and a half, along with some tentative insights into the rising and declining potency of these factors.
In: Social science history: the official journal of the Social Science History Association, Band 6, Heft 2, S. 181
ISSN: 1527-8034
In: Journal of peace research, Band 18, Heft 1, S. 1-18
ISSN: 1460-3578
In studies of war it is important to observe that the processes leading to so frequent an event as conflict are not necessarily those that lead to so infrequent an event as war. Also, many models fail to recognize that a phenomenon irregularly distributed in time and space, such as war, cannot be explained on the basis of relatively invariant phenomena. Much research on periodicity in the occurrence of war has yielded little result, suggesting that the direction should now be to focus on such variables as diffusion and contagion. Structural variables, such as bipolarity, show contradictory results with some clear inter-century differences. Bipolarity, some results suggest, might have different effects on different social entities. A considerable number of studies analysing dyadic variables show a clear connection between equal capabilities among contending nations and escalation of conflict into war. Finally, research into national attributes often points to strength and geographical location as important variables. In general, the article concludes, there is room for modest optimism, as research into the question of war is no longer moving in non-cumulative circles. Systematic research is producing results and there is even a discernible tendency of convergence, in spite of a great diversity in theoretical orientations.
In: Journal of peace research, Band 18, Heft 1, S. 1-18
ISSN: 0022-3433
World Affairs Online
In: Annual review of sociology, Band 6, Heft 1, S. 349-367
ISSN: 1545-2115
In: American political science review, Band 73, Heft 4, S. 1210-1211
ISSN: 1537-5943
In: Parameters: the US Army War College quarterly, Band 9, Heft 1
ISSN: 2158-2106
In: British journal of international studies, Band 3, Heft 3, S. 219-232
ISSN: 2053-597X
THERE are several reasons why we understand so much less about social processes and conditions at the global level than we do about comparable processes and conditions at lower levels of aggregation. One is, of course, that we are dealing with a larger empirical domain and one that is apparently more heterogeneous and complex. Another might be that the behaviour of nations – the key actors at this level of aggregation – has been shrouded more in mystery and taboo than the behaviour of other classes of social entity. By keeping diplomacy and military strategy in the category of the arcane, elites have inhibited serious inquiry, even if there were those unpatriotic enough to ask. A third and related factor may be the extent to which the national state has been the major source of material and psychic sustenance for the world's people over the past century or so and thus not an agency whose external behaviour will be questioned or examined closely. Others might be added to our list, but one that surely merits closer attention may be the way in which we conceptualize world affairs.