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This paper is an attempt to measure the Effectiveness of Social Advertisement Campaigns for Societal Improvement. The Government of India is currently running number of Social Advertisement Campaign which is a Government initiative for the Societal Improvement. The objective here is to divide the effectiveness into three parts i.e. awareness, perception and attitude. Responses have been filled through the help of questionnaire which has equal questions from each of these three segments. The study is conducted to know the awareness level of youth towards the Social Advertisement Campaigns, perception and attitude of youth towards the social advertisement that are run by the Government of India. Top 10 social advertisements which are mostly viewed by the people has been chosen through the pilot study conducted on 25 social advertisement campaigns running in Punjab by the government of India. The study is grounded on primary and secondary data.

This study assesses whether existing international carbon market methodologies for determination of additionality and baselines and monitoring, particularly those from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), can be adjusted to transition to the Article 6.4 mechanism. We highlight the necessity of drawing from the experiences of the Kyoto Protocol. CDM methodologies need to be modified to align with the more rigorous requirements of Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement. Reaching consensus among Article 6.4 Supervisory Body (SB) members on developing a methodology guidance has been challenging and shows that there is a wide range of interpretation of the Article 6.4 methodology requirements. On this basis, we discuss different options to operationalise the Article 6.4 methodology requirements and focus on the option to develop overarching methodological tools that can be applied to make CDM methodologies "Article 6.4 proof". We illustrate this approach by applying it to two CDM methodologies, ACM0005 ("Increasing the blend in cement production") and ACM0006 ("Electricity and heat generation from biomass"). For these methodologies, we propose specific adjustments to ensure alignment with Article 6.4 requirements, particularly regarding additionality determination, avoidance of lock-in of emissions, quantification of emission reductions and monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV).

A transition to sustainable development and net-zero greenhouse gas emissions is key to achieve the temperature limits established by the Paris Agreement (PA) and the global sustainable development goals (SDGs) agreed in the 2030 Agenda. To explore how carbon market approaches under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement can contribute to the transformational change required by these global agreements, the German Environment Agency (UBA) has commissioned UNEP DTU Partnership in collaboration with Perspectives Climate Research and First Climate to carry out this research project. The project aims to generate insights and recommendations for how to design and implement Article 6 rules and activities to promote transformational change (TC) through carbon markets. Based on insights from a literature review and expert interviews, the authors propose a definition of transformational change with four characteristics particularly relevant to Article 6 objectives, namely 'Digitalisation', 'Private sector and Governments', 'Carbon pricing' and 'Dynamic baselines'. In the context of Article 6 negotiations up to COP26 in Glasgow and an overview of Article 6 piloting efforts, conceptual options are presented for Article 6 activities to promote transformational change. An incentive structure for carbon markets to promote Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) ambition raising, and transformational impact is introduced. Insights from a comparative case study analysis of different NDCs and sectors in Costa Rica, Morocco and Pakistan demonstrate how transformational impact can be designed and assessed at Article 6 activity level. Findings are used to identify implications for Article 6 design so that activities enhance their transformational impact. For instance, higher prices for internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) with transformational impact can enable the political will in host countries to undertake deep mitigation opportunities while achieving cost-efficient emission reductions with domestic means. Key conclusions and recommendations are that core carbon market principles such as of additionality and baselines-setting can be reinterpreted in order to promote transformational change aligned with the global 1.5°C temperature goal.