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South Asia has witnessed a growing imbalance between energy demand and its supply from indigenous sources resulting in increased import dependence. No South Asian country is going to be able to meet its energy needs entirely from within its own domestic resources. Energy endowments differ among the South Asian countries, and the countries in the region could benefit significantly by strengthening mechanism of energy trade through improved connectivity. Therefore, greater cooperation within South Asia could be one of the most effective ways to deal with this regional energy deficit and ensure energy security of the region. However, there are many issues which hamper power trading in this region. The governments of the region would thus need to take an active role in fostering cross-border energy investments and promotion of regional energy trade in order to take full advantage of the energy resources available within the region and its neighbourhood.

In 1944, The American Commission on Teacher Education revealed in its reports that the contemporary social scene and the democratic way of life as points of orientation, urging that teachers become sensitive to the school's relation to social realities and ideals (as quoted in A Design for a School of Pedagogy, p.11). The Commission also recommended for the advancement of the design of teacher education programmes according to social responsibilities and development of institutions for effective implementation of teacher education programmes. Today, it is compulsory need of teachers are required to engage with the moral and social purposes of schooling, to value and sustain the intellect, to work collaboratively with other stakeholders of education, to be responsible for societal need, to be accountable for their responsibilities and to be committed to lifelong learning and reflexivity. Therefore, defined values, knowledge and skills are mandatory to impart in a curriculum for teacher education. This research article emphasises on the relevancy of the teacher education curriculum with the changing of time.

In 1944, The American Commission on Teacher Education revealed in its reports that the contemporary social scene and the democratic way of life as points of orientation, urging that teachers become sensitive to the school's relation to social realities and ideals (as quoted in A Design for a School of Pedagogy, p.11). The Commission also recommended for the advancement of the design of teacher education programmes according to social responsibilities and development of institutions for effective implementation of teacher education programmes. Today, it is compulsory need of teachers are required to engage with the moral and social purposes of schooling, to value and sustain the intellect, to work collaboratively with other stakeholders of education, to be responsible for societal need, to be accountable for their responsibilities and to be committed to lifelong learning and reflexivity. Therefore, defined values, knowledge and skills are mandatory to impart in a curriculum for teacher education. This research article emphasises on the relevancy of the teacher education curriculum with the changing of time.

Today, mental setup of learners is changing with the recent technologies. Therefore, Global trends are demanding training of versatility for developing new teaching strategies and ability to contribute knowledge for complex issues like individual goals of learners, physical and mental retardation and inclusion, etc. Reform in Education is the main and top priority agenda of almost all countries in the world. Here, we are engaging in connecting ideas, changing in preliminary policies with practices and recommendations, and finding research gaps with the help of practitioners (teachers, teacher educators, etc.), policymakers and researchers. In 1968 Indian education system take a new turn with its first educational policy, known as NPE-1968 (National Policy on Education) with the recommendation to provide directions to the state Governments and local authorities of education to implement educational plans. After that NPE-1986 and PoA-1992 (Programme of Action) (also known as reforms of NPE-1986) came into light with the suggestive strategies to establish Navodaya Vidyalaya for rural talents, to satisfy the needs of schools through operation blackboard, redesigning of courses, training for teachers, education through open and distance learning, promotion of women education and education for disadvantaged sections. Today, to retain and to spread Indian values of culture, socialism, professionalism, democracy and secularism, the draft of NPE-2016 recommends that "science and technology in ancient and medieval India covered all the major branches of human knowledge and activities" (Report of NPE-2016, pp.1-2). The NPE-2016 follows the Indian ethics of "Swadeshe pujyate raja, vidwan sarvatra pujyate" (Report of NPE-2016, p.1). Every invention comes with other new hidden challenges. Thus, every new curriculum suggests that it is a compulsory need to prepare teachers for insightful and multifacets strategies of teaching and training. This research paper emphasises on curriculum and pedagogic approaches in the context of ...

Cross-border energy trade and integration of renewable energy have become significant for countries and regions to meet demands, minimize costs, and foster socio-economic and climate stability in the dynamic and unstable energy market. This book explores different models of global energy trade between regions and their benefits and challenges with a special focus on India's Northeast region.

Countries in South and Southeast Asia are endowed with abundant renewable energy resources. This book examines the energy mix of the countries such as India, Myanmar, Thailand, Bangladesh, and Bhutan among others and their efforts to achieve more integrated markets and renewable energy integration in the region. It highlights the potential of Northeast India given its rich natural resources and strategic location to harness the potential cross-border energy trade with ASEAN countries. The volume provides analytical perspectives on drivers, constraints, opportunities and barriers, as well as measures that countries could take to address institutional, financial, policy, and governance issues to minimize the total costs of energy security and maximize the social-economic benefits for people in these regions. It identifies the necessary conditions – grid flexibility, policy, market, and regulatory solutions for clean energy trade – and contributes to growth of low-carbon development as well as policy making by focusing on renewable energy integration across borders.

This volume will be of interest to students and researchers of energy and climate studies, environmental politics, trade, and economics and international relations.

This book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Energy is a common thread that connects multiple economic domains of countries and sub-regions in Asia. In the drive to trigger and consolidate energy market integration, the North Eastern Region (NER) of India offers great potential as electricity trading hub. This article analyses multiple potentials of energy markers of NER with neighbouring countries through cross-border trade. Supply and demand analysis under different connectivity scenarios shows that not only the eight states of NER of India may be able to fully utilise the economic benefits of energy market integration, but also the neighbouring countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan and Myanmar should keep their carbon emissions in check by importing reliable cost effective energy sources. However, lack of infrastructure for the transfer of power to a common transmission system increases the vulnerability of energy market integration. Given the region's diverse hydro-geography and wide range of clean energy portfolios, energy market integration perspective offers a way forward for strategic energy security planning and climate mitigation strategy for NER and neighbouring Asian countries.