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Organizations must become more strategic if they are to survive and succeed in the current business environment. Functional and unit strategies must be aligned with overall firm strategy to enhance organizational effectiveness. In this respect, strategic compensation systems are vital to ensuring desired employee behaviors and enhanced firm performance. This article reviews strategic reward systems and examines rewards at Southwest Airlines. It outlines the firm's strategic compensation and recognition programs and discusses implications for management.

Purpose
Organizational change is one of the most researched issues in management and leadership. Change is generally viewed as necessary, with positive outcomes for all stakeholders. Resistance is consequently seen as a surprising outcome. However, much of the management literature focuses on change as organizational dynamics-driven, especially by those at the top, in the interests of those at the top, often with scant attention to the role of employees. The purpose of this paper is to take a different perspective, grounded in the systems theory.


Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper. The authors critically examine theoretical explanations of resistance to change in organizations and offer an alternative perspective.


Findings
Systems theorists have addressed change, and its necessity in organizational survival, using an open systems model. The open systems theory posits that organizations are social systems that have purposes of their own and is made of parts (employees) that are purposeful and operate within a purposeful larger system – the environment (stakeholders). Change that ignores a key part – employees – will be resisted.


Originality/value
Using the systems theory, the authors propose several suggestions for organizational leaders and managers to implement sustainable change. These include, among others, recommendations on circular organizational designs, the need for more democratic organizations, purposeful leadership styles and how to include employees in proactive organizational change processes.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the experiences of marginalized women in achieving equal pay for work of equal value. The research focuses on Ontario, Canada, as this is a leading jurisdiction globally in implementing legislation on pay equity. It provides an opportunity to understand the lived experiences of women whom scholars have identified as particularly vulnerable in workplaces.


Design/methodology/approach
This is a qualitative research study. Twenty-three interviews were conducted with women defined as marginalized. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.


Findings
Three themes resulted from the analysis: early employment experiences, cultural challenges at work and inequities in pay. The authors found that not only do structural and organizational barriers limit the ability of marginalized women to achieve parity in the workplace but there also is a hidden social element that requires further investigation.


Originality/value
The gender pay gap is wider for marginalized women, even after three decades since pay equity legislation was implemented in Ontario. There is a dearth of research on why this is the case. This study adds to the literature by focusing on a broader set of factors, in addition to legislation, that must be considered when focusing on solutions to the gender pay gap.

Women have been entering law schools in record numbers over the past two decades. In fact, they currently outnumber men in many law schools in the United States and Canada. However, they face several barriers to full integration in law firms. As a result, many of them are leaving in droves. In this article, the authors examine one of the issues—the billable hours pay system—that prevents them from becoming partners in law firms. After critically examining the role and impact of the billable hours' culture on women lawyers, and drawing on the total rewards strategy used in some organizations, the authors offer modest recommendations for changing the pay system.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution, implementation and effectiveness of the Pay Equity Act in Ontario, Canada. Given that this Act is considered by many as the world's most progressive equal pay for work of equal value legislation, there are important implications for policy globally.Design/methodology/approachThrough a review of relevant documents and the literature, the paper examines the need for the Pay Equity Act in Ontario, its origins, and with two decades of experience, analyze its effectiveness. A case study is also used to assess related procedures and effects of the law.FindingsIn spite of its limitations and the wide pay gap that still exists between men and women, many female workers have benefited from Ontario's progressive Pay Equity Act. In targeting the discriminatory aspect of women's work evaluations, the Act has resulted in pay increases for thousands of women, especially in the public sector.Practical implicationsThere are many practical and social implications for jurisdictions across the globe, as they try to grapple with gender pay equities. Policy makers can learn from the successes and challenges experienced in Ontario. Pay equity legislation will unlikely achieve any significant progress in reducing the wage gap if it relies on workers to complain about the inequity in their pay. A proactive pay equity law, such as that in Ontario, will force employers to make more focused efforts to deal with gender pay discrimination. Ontario's bold "experiment" with pay equity holds valuable lessons for jurisdictions globally.Originality/valueWhile there has been some research on the Ontario Pay Equity Act, there is a paucity of scholarly work that examines the details of the pay system that the Act has spawned. There is also little work in assessing the effectiveness of the legislation.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution, implementation and effectiveness of the Pay Equity Act in Ontario, Canada. Given that this Act is considered by many as the world's most progressive equal pay for work of equal value legislation, there are important implications for policy globally. Design/methodology/approach - Through a review of relevant documents and the literature, the paper examines the need for the Pay Equity Act in Ontario, its origins, and with two decades of experience, analyze its effectiveness. A case study is also used to assess related procedures and effects of the law. Findings - In spite of its limitations and the wide pay gap that still exists between men and women, many female workers have benefited from Ontario's progressive Pay Equity Act. In targeting the discriminatory aspect of women's work evaluations, the Act has resulted in pay increases for thousands of women, especially in the public sector. Practical implications - There are many practical and social implications for jurisdictions across the globe, as they try to grapple with gender pay equities. Policy makers can learn from the successes and challenges experienced in Ontario. Pay equity legislation will unlikely achieve any significant progress in reducing the wage gap if it relies on workers to complain about the inequity in their pay. A proactive pay equity law, such as that in Ontario, will force employers to make more focused efforts to deal with gender pay discrimination. Ontario's bold "experiment" with pay equity holds valuable lessons for jurisdictions globally. Originality/value - While there has been some research on the Ontario Pay Equity Act, there is a paucity of scholarly work that examines the details of the pay system that the Act has spawned. There is also little work in assessing the effectiveness of the legislation.

Employee benefit plans can be an important part of an organization's employment deal and can help differentiate one employer from another. This article defines employee benefits as an extensive offering of programs that is broader than the conventional definition. Not only does it include traditional benefits; it also includes pension and savings, time off work, wellness and flexible work arrangements. The article reviews one company's experience as its employee benefit program has evolved from one of fixed and defined benefits to one that provides greater choice, flexibility and control to better support the organizational and human resource strategy and to better meet the needs of its diverse workforce. Several lessons have been learned by this company and are shared in this article. Although the company has focused on continual improvement of its employment deal over the past several years, it cannot halt the progress it has made thus far.

PurposeTo date, the effects of two approaches – inclusive and exclusive – to talent management (TM) on employee outcomes are largely unexplored. This paper explores the role of perceived equity and theoretically examines the process through which these TM programs impact employee outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on the job demands-resources model and equity theory and proposes a typology of employee outcomes in the context of different approaches to TM.FindingsBased on the theoretical framework, the paper argues that in the context of both inclusive and exclusive TM, perceived equity is a valuable resource that motivates employees and results in favourable outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsFuture empirical studies should test the propositions put forth in this paper. The multilevel research design would allow for an in-depth analysis of organisational contexts, and qualitative studies using in-depth interviews can provide greater insights into employees' experiences and perspectives of TM programs.Practical implicationsThe paper presents implications for managers and human resource (HR) and TM professionals regarding how to get the most out of their TM programs. These implications are important since employee equity perceptions can influence the effectiveness of TM programs.Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors add to the literature by examining the role of employee equity perceptions in the context of inclusive and exclusive TM and to highlight how perceived (in)equity could lead to negative consequences, even among high potential (HiPo) employees.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how diversity of cultural minority newcomers and transformational leadership affect the socialization process of cultural minorities in organizations.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model is developed based on diversity theory and past research studies.FindingsThe authors highlight the roles of transformational leadership and diversity mindsets in facilitating their socialization process.Research limitations/implicationsUsing quantitative studies, future research should attempt to test the propositions presented in this paper by conducting employee-level studies.Practical implicationsThe focus of diversity training needs to be changed from preventing unfairness and discrimination to viewing diversity as an important informational resource. Leaders of cultural minority newcomers should be trained to lead in a more transformational manner.Originality/valueScholars suggest that research on cultural minorities is lacking and their integration in organizations is examined less extensively. In this paper, the authors fill this gap and present a conceptual model examining the socialization process of cultural minorities.