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Likelihood ratio tests showed that (a) there was significant structural variation across the low-income and the middle-income countries, and (b) there had been a significant dynamic structural shift over time, that influenced the economic relationships. (Abstract amended)

This book covers a wide spectrum of water resources management, including water supply and demand, operation and maintenance of water distribution systems, water quality assessment, impacts of climate change on hydrological extremes, and water governance. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population growth are the major factors contributing to a significant rise in water demands across all the sectors in India. Although the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall contributes primarily to the available surface and groundwater resources, recurrent non-uniform/erratic rainfall events have resulted in widespread water scarcity. On many occasions, extreme meteorological conditions trigger the severity of water-related disasters such as floods and droughts. The untreated wastewater from domestic and industrial sources discharged through un-engineered means, adds to the issue as it ends up polluting the surface and groundwater resources. .

Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Water and Health -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Study Area -- 1.3 Sample Collection and E. coli Enumeration -- 1.4 Climate Data -- 1.5 Results and Discussion -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Contamination in Drinking Water Supply: A Case Study of Shimla City, Himachal Pradesh, India -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Study Area -- 2.3 Methodology -- 2.4 Results and Implications -- 2.4.1 Basin Characteristics of Shimla City -- 2.4.2 Application of SewerCAD Software -- 2.4.3 Sewage Treatment Plant and Open Drains -- 2.4.4 Water Treatment Plants and User Point -- 2.5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 3 Water Quality Status of Upper Ganga Canal -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Study Area -- 3.3 Materials and Methods -- 3.4 Results and Discussion -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Rationalization of Water Quality Parameters for Krishna River Basin Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques and Water Quality Index -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Study Area -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.3.1 Multivariate Statistical Analysis -- 4.3.2 Water Quality Index -- 4.4 Results and Discussion -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Analysis and Mapping of Groundwater Quality in Vicinity of Kala Sanghian Drain -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Experimental Work -- 5.2.1 Study Area -- 5.2.2 Status of Sources of Water Supply -- 5.2.3 Site Details -- 5.2.4 Analytical Methods and Equipment Used -- 5.2.5 Formulation of WQI -- 5.3 Results and Discussion -- 5.3.1 Physico-Chemical Parameters -- 5.3.2 Heavy Metal Analysis -- 5.3.3 Mapping of WQI Using GIS -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Geospatial Analysis Coupled with Logarithmic Method for Water Quality Assessment in Part of Pindrawan Tank Command Area in Raipur District of Chhattisgarh -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Study Area -- 6.3 Materials and Method -- 6.3.1 Sample Collection.