Suchergebnisse

Subsistence rural economy of the tribal region of Bihar compel woman, both tribal and non tribal to join the labour market. The Female Labour Force Participation Rate is significantly high in the region as compared to the State as a whole. This study, based on three clusters of villages from Ranchi district, has revealed that the economy is almost stagnant. Available employment opportunities are less productive and mainly rely on land and forest resources. Women works in even less remunerative activities. Opportunities for gainful employment would depend on overall development of farm and non-farm activities. However, development of the area will not lead to the meaningful participation of women. Proper intervention is needed enhancing productivity of traditional activities done by women for immediate benefits and skill up-gradation as well as empowerment for long run gains.

Expansion in avenues of rural non-farm sector is one of the major ways of diversification of the rural economies. It has gained currency in recent years due to inability of the agriculture sector along to provide the ultimate answer for rural and under-employment in peasant economies. The paper, on the basis of primary data, tries to discuss the nature and magnitude of non-farm sector prevalent in tribal region of highly backward State of Bihar. Study reveals that agriculture, in the region, is the main source of livelihood and almost all household participate in it. However, the cultivation at subsistence level, is not able to provide sufficient income to the workers and so, participate in other activities also as their 'Survival strategy", non-farm sector constitute of a whole range of activities from collecting tree twigs which is used as a tooth brush to teaching in schools. However, most of them are traditional and low technology based. They have very poor linkage with agriculture or non-farm sector in the urban areas. The Government's effort to train the youth under TRYSEM to enable them to establish their own non-farm activity has not been able to serve the purpose satisfactorily. Multiprong steps must be taken to increase the productivity of the sector as well as to establish forward and backward linkage with other sectors of the economy.

The current study aims to explore if effective corporate social responsibility leads to corporate sustainability in medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. Using the factors, an exploratory examination was performed to assess their suitability in Indian context and data was collected from 121 manufacturing companies using a structured questionnaire based on pretested scale and the proposed relationships were tested through partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show overall model fit, and empirical examinations support causal relationships between effective corporate social responsibility and corporate sustainability (CS). The results indicated that effective CSR mediated the relationships between corporate sustainability and integration of CSR into corporate policy and priority of the board towards CSR. The results of this study are useful for medium-sized enterprises to establish a formal approach towards CSR and meet the needs of business and society in the twenty-first century.

The rationale of this article is to study and evaluate the stress faced by individuals, especially Indian working women within their families, during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this study, the authors aim to highlight the impact of the pandemic on Indian women grappling with mental and emotional distress. For this study, primary research techniques have been used. A survey instrument was constructed and circulated among women working from home or employees of any firm. Based on the survey, focused group interviews were conducted with randomly selected females. The total responses for this study were 203. The study results were collated and a statistical analysis of multivariate regression was used to conclude the findings. From this study, three factors contributed to the overall stress levels faced by working women induced by the COVID-19 pandemic: depression, nervousness and anxiety. Many studies have examined healthcare workers and their stress levels during the global pandemic. However, there is little literature on Indian working women, especially those working in I.T. and manufacturing companies. This article aims to identify the factors that can lead to stress and burnout in Indian working women specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study analyses factors affecting agricultural productivity in Ethiopia for the period of 1990–2016 by using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Both the bounds test and the error correction model confirmed the existence of co-integration (long-run relationship) between the variables included in the model. The results revealed that cereal productivity is positively influenced by use of fertiliser and real gross domestic product (GDP) both in the long run and in the short run. While size of arable land influences productivity positively in the long run, its short-run effect was found to be negative. Hence, the government and other concerned authorities should work to enhance farmers' use of improved technologies, such as fertiliser, by ensuring its timely availability at an affordable price, encouraging farmers to participate on alternative sources of income such as off-farm activities and bringing additional area under cereal production to improve agricultural productivity.