Suchergebnisse

1. Becoming a Useful Settlement: Hong Kong on the Eve of the Gold Rush -- 2. Leaving for California: The Gold Rush and Hong Kong's Development as an Emigrant Port -- 3. Networking the Pacific: The Shipping Trade -- 4. The Gold Mountain Trade -- 5. Preparing Opium for America -- 6. Bound for California: The Emigration of Chinese Women -- 7. Returning Bones -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1: Hong Kong Exports to San Francisco, 1849 -- Appendix 2: Migration Figures between Hong Kong and San Francisco, 1852-76, 1858-78 -- Appendix 3: Ships Sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco, 1852

During the nineteenth century tens of thousands of Chinese men and women crossed the Pacific to work, trade, and settle in California. Drawn initially by the gold rush, they took with them skills and goods and a view of the world which, though still Chinese, was transformed by their long journeys back and forth. They in turn transformed Hong Kong, their main point of embarkation, from a struggling infant colony into a prosperous international port and the cultural center of a far-ranging Chinese diaspora. Making use of extensive research in archives around the world, this book charts the rise of Chinese Gold Mountain firms engaged in all kinds of transpacific trade, especially the lucrative export of prepared opium and other luxury goods. Challenging the traditional view that the migration was primarily a "coolie trade," the author uncovers leadership and agency among the many Chinese who made the crossing. In presenting Hong Kong as an "in-between place" of repeated journeys and continuous movement, this book also offers a view of the British colony and a new paradigm for migration studies.

Preface; Contributors; 1. Introduction: Migration and New National Identities / Wang Gungwu; Part I: Overview; 2. Upgrading the Migrant: Neither Huaqiao nor Huaren / Wang Gungwu; 3. Groundlessness And Utopia: The Chinese Diaspora and Territory / Emmanuel Ma Mung; 4.?????????? (The Xiao Yucan Principle and Its Historical Destiny) / Zhou Nanjing; Part II: Identity and Ethnicity; 5. Preserving Bukit China: The Cultural Politics of Landscape Interpretation in Melaka's Chinese Cemetery / Carolyn L. Cartier

Using government records and women's testimonies archived in private institutions, this article studies brothel keeping as business and brothel keepers as business owners and managers. In nineteenth-century Hong Kong, a military outpost of the British Empire, a commercial center attracting men of all classes and all nationalities, and yet, a stronghold of Chinese patriarchal practices, prostitution and brothel keeping flourished. The brothel keeper, always a woman, was offered an unprecedented opportunity to develop personal and entrepreneurial skills. In the process she expanded her life aspirations and played new roles in society and at home.

AbstractThis article studies how emigrants' consumption, conditioned by social values and taste transplanted from the home country, affected long distance trade. As tens of thousands of Chinese went to North America, Australia and New Zealand from the time of the Gold Rush, a market for Chinese consumption goods arose, with prepared opium being a leading commodity. Chinese, both at home and abroad, consumed opium by smoking and demanded opium to be boiled in a particular way. As brands prepared in Hong Kong were widely acknowledged as the best, the export trade in Hong Kong's opium to these high-end markets became extremely lucrative. Producers elsewhere resorted to different ploys to get a Hong Kong stamp on their products. The Hong Kong government manipulated different groups of Chinese merchants inside and outside Hong Kong to maximize its revenue from the opium farm, while rival merchant groups sometimes combined to trump the government. The situation not only offers a lesson for the study of state-business relations but also undermines the popular claim that the Hong Kong government practiced laissez-fairism. On another level, the study, by highlighting the consumption of one particular commodity, draws attention to the Chinese diaspora as transnational cultural space.

The Chinese migrant's strong sense of attachment to theguxiang(native place) is well recognized, and literature on overseas Chinese generally proceeds on this assumption. There is, however, little discussion on the mechanisms which have bonded the migrant to the native place, either by helping him express his longing and concern for it, or by reminding him of his obligations as a native son. Family ties, ownership of land and business connections as well as pure sentimental attachment, so poignant in centuries of Chinese poetry, naturally make migrants feel concerned for its well-being and eager for its news. Overseas Chinese in most cases continue to communicate with the native place on an individual basis, for there are levels of activities where the scale and complexity are such that only organizational efforts would suffice. At the same time, an easily identifiable institution enables those at home to contact and rally more effectively its migrant fellow-regionals, when the need for spiritual or material help arises.

Intro; Contents; Acknowledgments; Note on Romanization; Introduction; 1. Wang Tao in Hong Kong and the Chinese â#x80;#x9C;Otherâ#x80;#x9D;; 2. From Dried Seafood to Instant Ramen; 3. The Code of Silence across the Hong Kong Eurasian Community(ies); 4. The Making of Accomplished Women; 5. â#x80;#x9C;No Day without a Deed to Crown Itâ#x80;#x9D;; 6. Western Firms and Their Chinese Compradors; 7. The Parallel Worlds of Seafarers; 8. Carvalho Yeo and the 1928 Hong Kong Treasury Swindle; Bibliography; Contributors; Index