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The main objective of this study is to discuss the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups in Malaysia. The study used qualitative research methods based on primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through government documents already published and previous interviews conducted in 2018 by the author on poverty and social protection programs. This article concludes that relief measures now should be linked with the long-term recovery measures to assure greater resilience in the face of potential future shocks.

Artikel ini membincangkan tingkah laku politik dengan memfokuskan kepada tingkah laku pengundi dalam sistem pilihan raya demokrasi. Prinsip asas yang menunjangi sistem demokrasi ialah hak rakyat untuk memilih kerajaan, iaitu kerajaan yang akan memerintah menerusi amalan pilihan raya yang adil, bebas dan telus. Penulisan ini telah memilih tingkah laku pengundi-pengundi di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan menerusi pilihan raya umum (PRU) 2008 sebagai kajian kes. Pilihan raya di Malaysia menunjukkan bahawa tingkah laku pengundi boleh dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti kredibiliti calon, pegangan agama, kekuatan parti, kedudukan ekonomi, kepentingan isu dan sebagainya. Makalah ini berusaha untuk mengenal pasti keutamaan tingkah laku pengundi di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan berdasarkan tiga pendekatan iaitu pendekatan sosiologikal, pendekatan identifikasi parti dan pendekatan, pilihan rasional. Objektif utama makalah ini adalah mengkaji tingkah laku pengundi semasa proses pilihan raya berdasarkan tiga pendekatan tersebut dan kaitannya dengan kesedaran politik, penyertaan politik, sumber maklumat dan isu-isu pilihan raya. Kajian ini telah menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan berbentuk kualitatif dan kuantitatif dalam mendapatkan data yang berkaitan dengan pilihan raya. Sebagai rumusan, tingkah laku pengundi dalam proses pilihan raya merupakan suatu tindakan yang boleh dipengaruhi oleh aspek sosial, politik dan ekonomi serta kaitannya dengan sumber maklumat dan isu-isu pilihan raya.

This article is about political voting behavior in a democratic system of government. The main pillar of democracy is the people's right to choose government through fair, free and transparent elections. This is a case study of voting behavior in the Federal Territory of Labuan based on the 2008 general election. The elections in Malaysia have shown that the voting behaviour can be influenced by several factors, namely the credibility of the candidates, religious belief, party unity, economic stability, importance of the issue and so on. This article seeks to identify the priority of voting behavior in Labuan Island based on three main approaches, which are the sociological approach, party identification approach and rational choice approach. The main objective of this paper is to study the behavior of voters during the electoral process using these three approaches and its relation to political awareness, political participation, information resources and electoral issues. This article employs research methods that are both qualitative andquantitative in obtaining data related to the elections. In summary, the voting behaviours during the electoral process can be influenced by the social, political and economic factors related to sources of information and electoral issues.

Artikel ini membincangkan tingkah laku politik dengan memfokuskan kepada tingkah laku pengundi dalam sistem pilihan raya demokrasi. Prinsip asas yang menunjangi sistem demokrasi ialah hak rakyat untuk memilih kerajaan, iaitu kerajaan yang akan memerintah menerusi amalan pilihan raya yang adil, bebas dan telus. Penulisan ini telah memilih tingkah laku pengundi-pengundi di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan menerusi pilihan raya umum (PRU) 2008 sebagai kajian kes. Pilihan raya di Malaysia menunjukkan bahawa tingkah laku pengundi boleh dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti kredibiliti calon, pegangan agama, kekuatan parti, kedudukan ekonomi, kepentingan isu dan sebagainya. Makalah ini berusaha untuk mengenal pasti keutamaan tingkah laku pengundi di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan berdasarkan tiga pendekatan iaitu pendekatan sosiologikal, pendekatan identifikasi parti dan pendekatan, pilihan rasional. Objektif utama makalah ini adalah mengkaji tingkah laku pengundi semasa proses pilihan raya berdasarkan tiga pendekatan tersebut dan kaitannya dengan kesedaran politik, penyertaan politik, sumber maklumat dan isu-isu pilihan raya. Kajian ini telah menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan berbentuk kualitatif dan kuantitatif dalam mendapatkan data yang berkaitan dengan pilihan raya. Sebagai rumusan, tingkah laku pengundi dalam proses pilihan raya merupakan suatu tindakan yang boleh dipengaruhi oleh aspek sosial, politik dan ekonomi serta kaitannya dengan sumber maklumat dan isu-isu pilihan raya.

This article is about political voting behavior in a democratic system of government. The main pillar of democracy is the people's right to choose government through fair, free and transparent elections. This is a case study of voting behavior in the Federal Territory of Labuan based on the 2008 general election. The elections in Malaysia have shown that the voting behaviour can be influenced by several factors, namely the credibility of the candidates, religious belief, party unity, economic stability, importance of the issue and so on. This article seeks to identify the priority of voting behavior in Labuan Island based on three main approaches, which are the sociological approach, party identification approach and rational choice approach. The main objective of this paper is to study the behavior of voters during the electoral process using these three approaches and its relation to political awareness, political participation, information resources and electoral issues. This article employs research methods that are both qualitative andquantitative in obtaining data related to the elections. In summary, the voting behaviours during the electoral process can be influenced by the social, political and economic factors related to sources of information and electoral issues.

Artikel ini membincangkan tingkah laku politik dengan memfokuskan kepada tingkah laku pengundi dalam sistem pilihan raya demokrasi. Prinsip asas yang menunjangi sistem demokrasi ialah hak rakyat untuk memilih kerajaan, iaitu kerajaan yang akan memerintah menerusi amalan pilihan raya yang adil, bebas dan telus. Penulisan ini telah memilih tingkah laku pengundi-pengundi di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan menerusi pilihan raya umum (PRU) 2008 sebagai kajian kes. Pilihan raya di Malaysia menunjukkan bahawa tingkah laku pengundi boleh dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti kredibiliti calon, pegangan agama, kekuatan parti, kedudukan ekonomi, kepentingan isu dan sebagainya. Makalah ini berusaha untuk mengenal pasti keutamaan tingkah laku pengundi di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan berdasarkan tiga pendekatan iaitu pendekatan sosiologikal, pendekatan identifikasi parti dan pendekatan, pilihan rasional. Objektif utama makalah ini adalah mengkaji tingkah laku pengundi semasa proses pilihan raya berdasarkan tiga pendekatan tersebut dan kaitannya dengan kesedaran politik, penyertaan politik, sumber maklumat dan isu-isu pilihan raya. Kajian ini telah menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan berbentuk kualitatif dan kuantitatif dalam mendapatkan data yang berkaitan dengan pilihan raya. Sebagai rumusan, tingkah laku pengundi dalam proses pilihan raya merupakan suatu tindakan yang boleh dipengaruhi oleh aspek sosial, politik dan ekonomi serta kaitannya dengan sumber maklumat dan isu-isu pilihan raya.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to give an analysis of the humanitarian situation and the case of human rights in Syria after the events of the Arab spring. Methodology: This is analytical-descriptive research that has been done through literature review, content analysis, and documentary and case study research. Result: our results suggest that the Syrian government made false concessions designed to end the revolts. The occurrence led to the formation of a rebel group, the Free Syrian Army whose main objective was to oust the authoritarian regime and stop the killing of civilians. This marked the beginning of the blatant violation of human rights as well as the civil war in Syria. The government not only ignited but also took the war to its own people killing, injuring and imprisoning thousands of people. Worse still, thousands of women and young girls still suffer sexual violence during the nightly raids conducted frequently on either opposing camps. Following the massive violations of human rights, almost all economic sectors of Syria have met rock-bottom. Applications:This research can be used for policymakers and the international community to take a further step to aid the Syrian civilians. Novelty/Originality:In our research, we try to target a very much debated topic in the Middle East. Although several articles written about the humanitarian and human rights situation in Syria studies on human rights after the Arab spring is still lacking.

This study is an assessment of the effectiveness of the Inspector Cadet Police Basic
Training Programme on the practice of integrity as a result of the implementation
of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) Integrity Plan. The training programme is aimed at creating senior police officers who practice good governance iorder to improve the quality of service delivery and management as well as to create an excellent image of RMP. The RMP's commitment to upholding integrity has been proven by management improvements through the implementation of some initiatives such as the establishment of the Department of Integrity andStandard Compliance and the implementation of the RMP Integrity Plan, and the implementation of the Enforcement Agency Integrity Module in the RMP training module. This descriptive study uses a qualitative approach based on a structured design of a case study. Primary data were obtained through a semistructured interview method with eight informants selected through purposive sampling techniques and supported by secondary data through document analysis and library research. The findings show that the training module has been a dominant influence and the main catalyst for the practice of integrity, apart from
workplace environment and family as new findings. The study concludes that the
implementation of the integrity learning module in the Police Basic Training
Programme has provided the knowledge and skills towards the inculcation of
integrity but somehow officers can still be influenced by work environment and
family factors.

Although Nigeria, like most developing countries is facing various security challenges, recent media reports suggest that activities of Boko Haram insurgent group appears to be the most visible source of security threat to the country. Beginning 2009, the group launched violent attack on the Nigerian state, killing thousands of people and destroying public and private properties in different parts of the country.Globally, the group is now labeled as one of the most deadly insurgent/terrorist groups in the world.Like most insurgent or terrorist groups, it seems to defy several counter terrorism measures introduced by the Nigerian government.Arising from this background, many Nigerians are calling for the involvement of traditional institutions in the fight against the insurgent or terrorist groups. This article attempts to examine the role which African traditional institutions can play in managing the menace of such groups. Methodologically, in-depth interview was adopted for the study using Kano Emirate Council as case study.Thus, among the findings of the study is that traditional institutions occupy a strategic position in Nigerian setting which make them relevant in the fight against insurgents.In this article we argue that considering the closeness of the institutions to the communities, lack of modern security monitoring equipment and comprehensive data on the population for security agencies to keep abreast with the happenings in the society, the Nigerian government should create a framework to synergize between the institutions and the contemporary security agencies.

Reconnecting the state to the dynamics of its making; Japanese state making in global context; The making of the state - bureaucracy relations in Japan; Citizen, state, and nation in China; Sovereignty, survival, and the transformation of the Taiwan state; Constructing the state in the Tibetan diaspora; Nation, ethnicity, and contending discourse in the Malaysian state; Some states of Asia compared from afar

The privatization of water supply distribution has been carried out in the Selangor state since 2004. The agreement of treated water distribution concession by the Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor (SYABAS) demonstrates the existence of conflict from the political economy perspective. First, an active government intervention in the water privatization program is against the aspirations of neoliberalism agenda. Second, within federalism framework which involving federal government and state government from different political party showed a political conflict. Using qualitative method through content analysis approach from Elite Theory and Public Choice Theory, this study argues at two points. First, some distinctive approach applied by both Barisan Nasional (BN) of federal government and Pakatan Rakyat (PR) of state government worth to be discussed. Second, the failure of neoliberal agenda due to approach taken by this two different parties has prevail, but it also argued the importance of the role and state control in privatization program which aimed at gaining political support of relevant political parties. Suggestions are further discussed. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s4p425