Suchergebnisse

The specific regional dynamics of maritime security environment in EU raise the question whether and to what extent the processes of "regionalization of security" need to be implemented within the principles of current CSDP (Common Security and Defense Policy) and European maritime security strategy. Joint civil-military concept of operations on regionalization of CSDP action in different regions like Saher Mali or Sahel Nigeria are good examples of tackling specific regional threats with individual regional approach based on the main strategic interests of the EU. The unification of policies based on international regulations in the maritime domain are examined in the context of the very specific regional aspects of the European national maritime spaces. Some examples of Black Sea maritime security issues are analyzed with the question to which extent basic assumptions of the current CSDP and European maritime security strategy are applicable to the challenges of the current security environment in this region. The levels of sustainability and resilience are connected to the processes of democracy development, some socio-demographic characteristics of the region and even cultural-civilizational aspects. Those assumptions are especially important in the context of state's resilience capabilities for preservations of basic state functions in times of crisis occurrence and crisis management. Another point is the possibility to use the regionalization security process as "window of opportunity" to set new agenda for possible mitigation of tensions between the Black Sea EU members and non EU-members in the region.

The maritime education is generally developed in two directions: training of seafarers and port specialists. Nowadays, the shipping business is changing rapidly and in the era of digitalization the working staff should be able to use computerized information systems and to understand the capabilities of automated programs in order to respond to existing and future requirements in this area. The main goal is to prepare highly skilled personnel trained to work in continuous change in the digital era. The current state of the job market for maritime personnel requires the introduction of new approaches and more practically directed learning methods. The acquisition of the basic science and fundamental engineering courses required for seafarers or port specialists are not sufficient. They need to achieve more practical and cognitive skills throughout their education and training courses. This paper discusses some innovative methods and approaches used for learning and training considering important changes and ongoing digitalization in the maritime industry combined with necessary soft skills management. The proposed adaptive self-correcting model of training course is developed based on the authors' experience in maritime education with students and on empirical method of research and system analyses performed with seafarers and port specialists with long practical experience.

The publication evaluates the applicability of John Boyd's OODA Loop (observe-orient-decide-act) theory for the analysis of human error in the maritime industry. The predominant share of human error among the range of maritime safety issues is revealed. The interdependence between the different phases of the OODA Loop to achieve the desired state of maritime safety is studied, namely the correct actions in each of the implemented cycles. So, the paramount importance of situational awareness as a prerequisite for safety is proven. The mechanisms for manifestation of other factors endangering maritime safety are also analyzed, such as: lack of competence, fatigue, stress, etc. In conclusion, the role of the time factor in the realization of the OODA Loop is assessed and in this context, approaches are offered to increase the possibility for realization of a quality loop.