Suchergebnisse

This article examines online educational products developed by museums both independently and in cooperation with educational institutions. The analysis revealed a pool of museum online products, including mass open online courses (MOOCs), specialized professional online courses (SPOCs), educational games, mobile apps, and podcasts. The authors identify advantages and features of each type of the museum online products (MOPs) and determine the prospects for their inclusion in the educational process.The study aims to reveal the activity of different kinds of museums and museum communities in the development and implementation of educational online products both in their own educational activities, carried out by an increasing number of museums, and in the process of formal and non-formal education in cooperation with universities, schools, and further education institutions that implement it. The study discovered that museums develop both MOOCs that are traditional for the system of higher professional education, and educational online products, such as educational games, podcasts, and mobile applications with educational content, that are not widely used at present, but are promising for formal and, especially, non-formal education. An important result of the study was the conclusion about the common practice of cooperation between museums and universities in the joint development of online products, as well as about the feasibility of deploying such work with institutions of secondary general and vocational education.The authors' analysis of the system of museum educational online products allowed us to conclude that new players — museums — have appeared in the online education market in the role of organizations that create and use various online resources in their activities, including those that can be used in the field of education.

This article reveals the key factors (economic, technological, demographic, socio-cultural, gender) and the ongoing/emerging changes in the social and labor system of society. Changes affect all spheres and contexts without exception (labor market, organization and working conditions, population employment system, management and labor processes, content, workplace culture and ethics.) At the same time, they are often contradictory, and not necessarily tangible, perceived or evaluated as changes. Multiplicity and scale, acceleration and capacity of changes form the conditions for the development of a new quality of the system — its fragility. The fragility is understood as the actual distribution of essentially new and uncontrolled processes and phenomena within the social labor system behind the external facade of its integrity and stability. Experts and politicians everywhere are asking questions about whether it is possible to overcome the current state of affairs and what the future is going to be for social labor and employment. It is important for the scientific community to determine the principles of theoretical analysis and the means of modern labor sphere investigating.

Using sociological literature as a foundation, this article examines such a phenomenon as employee competence in the current landscape. In part one of the article we sought to formulate the sociological concept of uncertainty and trace its evolution depending on the stage of social development. Uncertainty in the postindustrial period is defined as a plethora of processes and phenomena associated with increasingly autonomous living, susceptibility to an environment that's constantly changing, as well as a multitude of potential alternative solutions and actions. These conditions foster massive opportunities for people to unlock their creative potential, the downside being increased anxiety and insecurity, social isolation and inequality. The second part of the article focuses on studying such a phenomenon as the competence of modern-day workers, given the current context of socio-economic uncertainty. Although competence has developed based on the industrial model of professional training, it is currently transitioning to the next stage of its evolution. With modern capitalism undergoing rejuvenation, competence is sort of individualizing, becoming defined by one's cultural capital, personality traits and biography, turning out to be unique and possessing internal complexity and flexibility. This new sort of competence is welcome in places where the main criteria are high level of qualification and up to date knowledge, that contribute to developing the most cutting edge and creative sectors of the economy, new spaces and forms of work activity. When it comes to non-ideal workers, for them competence embodies a rational strategy of situational adaptation of their skills and abilities to the current labor market. Certain new educational and political initiatives are developing in that same general direction, with them aiming to reproduce "aptitude for employment" among the vast majority of the working population. But at the same time labor markets and organizations are starting to function as "machines that reproduce inequality". Despite the fact that modern competence is being engulfed by an entire industry of intermediaries, achieving it is proving to be a difficult task for modern society.

The aim of the study presented in this article is to determine the characteristics of Russian mothers seeking care and education services for their children. This work examines the transformation of the traditional family function of raising, socializing and educating children. Currently we are witnessing an increase in the number of parents who resort to paid family services. Therefore it is important to understand the evolution of this market segment, what defines consumers' choice of services and which types of services are the most popular, while also assessing costumer satisfaction with the services they acquired. Analysis is conducted based on a series of semi-structured interviews with Russian women who have children of preschool or school age. Respondents included both working (be it on hire or self-employed) and unemployed women. Research was conducted within Nizhniy Novgorod city limits. While conducting the interviews, it was discovered that the basic selection of paid services which parents acquire includes services offered by children's development centers, paid additional lessons at kindergarten or school, sports clubs, dance, art and foreign language lessons; children's parties – renting dedicated facilities, hiring clowns, purchasing thematic programs and holiday treats; hiring babysitters (either on a regular basis or on demand), psychologists and parenting coaches. The authors reached the conclusion that modern urban families tend to split their responsibility (delegate authority) for raising, caring for and educating their children with those who have expertise in this field. Consumption of services by urban families starts earlier and continues for a longer period of time – in line with their children maturing – there's not too much diversity, but consumption does depend on such important motives as the desire to satisfy today's requirements for raising and developing children, parents freeing up spare time for their own needs, taking care of the child's future.

This article is devoted to issues associated with developing a digital economy in the Russian Federation, given a context where digital technologies are finding their way into the work process. The current discussions on "digitalization" increasingly emphasize there not being any alternative to mastering these technologies. With it being a condition of employment, the use of various digital products demands that workers immerse themselves into the digital environment, which, in turn, sets the course for developing digital competencies. For starters, based on the authors examining a sample of job openings, the digital competencies that are currently in demand on the labor market were determined, with them having to correspond with workplace equipment status. All devices and technologies currently used by Russian enterprises and organizations are presented as digital means of labor, while being divided into classes and groups. Together they constitute certain parameters which the authors used as a foundation for their research on the digital competencies of workers or their digital career capital. Then analysis was conducted of data from a telephone survey of working residents of Saint-Petersburg, in order to determine their motivations and priorities when it comes to developing digital competencies. The results attained from the study suggest that building digital capital is demanded by the labor market, and that it can (and should) be focused on the needs of Russia's economy. In the meantime digital competencies among the working population mostly depend on workers' qualification, their age and abundance of digital technology in their everyday life. The latter is just as critical a factor as the work environment when it comes to defining the algorithms of familiarizing oneself with the products of the digital revolution. However, the population does not have a clear understanding on what digital knowledge and skills need to be acquired, while lacking the motivation to improve their skill set in this field. Employees often fail to see the opportunities offered by developing digital capital in the workplace. Regardless, most of them rightfully understand that changes in technology are inevitable and desirable, and that they need to be able to keep up. Hence this article analyzes, on one hand, the demand for digital competencies, shaped by the current situation on the labor market, and on the other hand – the motivations and expectations of the employees themselves in terms of possibilities for their use and further development. The results of the study allowed its authors to paint a comprehensive picture of the processes which bring the working population to enhance their digital competencies.

Periodical press as a historical source is actively used by researchers in various fields. Professional periodicals can be a key source of research. This article shows that the professional journal "ICOM News" can be considered a quality historical source for studying the development of cultural and educational activities of museums. The purpose of the article is to determine the main formats of work with visitors in museums in the 1940s - 1980s, identifying the stages and reasons for the modernization of these work formats with the museum audience based on the materials of "ICOM News". The publications in this journal have a global geographical outreach and cover a specialized variety of museums, elucidating both the inner working of a museum as a historical and cultural unit and its evolving place within the broader societal mozaic. The publications in the journal were subjected to textual analysis based on the study of special texts as carriers of professional knowledge. In our case, these are articles devoted to various ways of interacting with the museum audience. Having studied the available data array, 367 articles were identified on the topic of interest to us, amounting to 4.2% of the total number of all publications in this journal. To sum up, we argue that the professional museum journal "ICOM News" is the full-fledged source for the study of museums globally and for the invaluable regional insights into cultural and educational activities of national museums. It goes without saying that this source works best in combination with other sources, including archival and museographic materials.