Suchergebnisse

What does it mean to be a good woman and girl, and what does this mean in a country which has been ravaged by war and extreme violence? Which norms and values are embedded in conceptualization of 'good womanhood', and how are these values constructed within different sociopolitical contexts? This article attempts to examine perceptions of 'good womanhood' from the perspectives of six different focus groups in Bosnia. The focus group interviews took place in 2002 and the focus group participants were asked to discuss how gender relations might have changed since before the war of 1992-5, during and after the war. Adapted from the source document.

This article presents a discourse analysis of 23 interviews with local Bosnian health workers at 2 different psychosocial centers. The main premise for the study is based on the acknowledgment that many victims of war rape will choose to remain silent about their ordeals, & studies of this particular war phenomenon must therefore be based, in part, on other local voices in the field. The main focus is on the ways in which the health workers describe their work with victims of sexual violence in the Bosnian war & postwar settings. Through their descriptions we gain unique insight into how the issue of war rape was addressed & dealt with at a local level. Further, on a general level, the study shows that the impact of sexual violence in war varies according to context, an insight that has implications not only for our general understanding of the phenomenon, but also in the use of particular therapy methods. These therapy methods must balance between the assumptions that there are universal effects of sexual violence that cut across various contexts & cultural relativism that assumes the opposite. Appendixes, References. Adapted from the source document.

Skjelsbaek attempts to enlarge the study of international conflicts by including consideration of gender identity construction, focusing on the construction of femininity in war & peace. There is discussion of social identity conceptualization through essentialist or social constructionist lenses. Exploration of female war experience is taken from the statements of women in Yugoslavia, Vietnam, & El Salvador. Review of the Yugoslav conflict includes figures on women's victimization as well as anecdotal experiences. Quotes by Ardilia preface data on Salvadoran female combatants & revolutionary leaders. Details of the conflict's evolution include historical facts & personal emotions & interpretations. A tracing of the Vietnam War from 1945 reveals women's militant participation. M. C. Leary

Skjelsbaek & Smith blame ignorance of gender differences in the social sciences for male domination of human norms' representation. Studies of international relations are said to lag behind fields such as anthropology & sociology in acknowledging & rectifying this discrepancy. It is suggested that examining gender's relation to previously male-dominated subjects may yield fresh insight on women's feelings & roles regarding war & politics. There is a review of modern armed conflicts & of civilian victimization. Forms of wartime intimidation & torture of women are considered. Statistical data are provided on female military participation in 1998 in 26 countries. The goal of this volume is to promote new perspectives on women & public policies by detailing & assessing views on & results of women's participation in political decision making & conflict resolution. 1 Table. M. C. Leary