Suchergebnisse

Special Issue: Diplomats and diplomacy in the early modern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (XVII Century) / ed. by Dorota Gregorowicz, Alessandro Boccolini. ; Władysław IV at the time of taking the throne in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had already specified the main goals concerning foreign policy. The expiration of the truce with Sweden in 1635 offered the king new opportunities to negotiate with other European courts, to organize the armed forces and to convince the nobility to accept the idea of an offensive war against Sweden, fought on its own territory. The strategic goal of Władysław IV, which combined the interests of the dynasty and the Commonwealth, was his to return to the throne of Sweden. The realization of that goal required development of diplomatic and military strategies and tactics; preparation of a political plan which would allow the king to become involved in international politics; organization of a diplomatic network covering the most important European courts, both Catholic and Protestant; gaining allies in the war with the Swedes; and maximal implementation of the royal prerogatives concerning foreign policy. Władysław IV pursued his goal using two interrelated strategies: of peace and of war. The peace strategy – the basis for which were two linked projects: peace mediation and marriage with Elisabeth, the daughter of Frederick V and Elisabeth Stuart. The war strategy assumed that in 1635 the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth would resume its war with Sweden. The king understood that the war conducted by the Commonwealth alone would not become an instrument for achieving the main goal. Therefore, he sought a joint and coordinated war of the Vasas and Habsburgs against Sweden.

European and Turkish translations and reception of works by Juda Tadeusz Krusiński SI regarding the Afghan-Persian war and the fall of the Safavid dynasty This article discusses the process of developing, editing and translating a Latin text written by the Polish Jesuit J.T. Krusiński dedicated to the reasons behind the fall of the Safavid dynasty and to the course of the Afghan-Persian War. The first manuscript was titled by the author as Historia revolutionis persicae. The Latin text, which was prepared in Rome, was then sent to Paris where it wasnot only translated into French, but also significantly modified and shortened by A. du Cerceau. The French paraphrase, published in 1728, became the basis for the English and Italian editions. Another version of Krusiński's work was prepared and published in German by J. Stöcklein. He used not only the French edition, but also the Latin original of Krusiński's text, which he had received from Vienna, as well as other sources. For the needs of the Ottoman court, Krusiński reviewed the Latin version, which was then translated and published in Turkish in 1729. This last edition caused a sharp dispute over the authorship of the Turkish translation between Krusiński and Ibrahim Mütaferrika, head of the Istanbul printing house. The Turkish edition of Father Juda Tadeusz Krusiński's work complicated its reception in Europe even more, especially after the Turkish version had been retranslated into Latin by J.Ch. Clodius. The manuscripts stored in the Vienna library make it possible to trace the stages of developement of Krusiński's work, which culminated in the publication of the book Tragica vertentis … (Lviv, 1740), his most comprehensive study of the Persian revolution.