Suchergebnisse

Defence cooperation between Poland and the United States significantly affects the security agenda of Russia, the Baltic region, and Europe as a whole. On the one hand, Poland intends to become a key partner of the US in ensuring European security. On the other hand, it has ambitions to take the leading position in the security area among the Baltic States. The Polish leadership sees an additional advantage in expanding military cooperation with the United States, regarding it as a jumping board to accelerating its economic and technological development. This article examines a mechanism underlying defence cooperation between the US and Poland, i.e. lobbying Poland's interests in another state. This allows Warsaw to actively promote its interests in the US. The research methodology employed includes the periodisation of Polish lobbying activities in the US and an empirical study of lobbying based on analysis of original documents, many of which have been analysed for the first time. It is shown that, under the existing party system, Poland will not abandon strategic partnership with the United States, primarily in security and defence. Over the study period, Poland quickly gained experience in promoting its interests in the US through direct lobbying, showing flexibility in negotiations, relying on the two-party support in the US Congress, successfully coordinating the activities of its governing bodies and various corporations which are submitted to tight state control.

Статья из архива Л.В. Скворцова продолжает темы, разработка которых была предпринята в таких его книгах, как «Культура самосознания: человек в поисках истины своего бытия» (1989 г.), «Цивилизационные опасности: философская интерпретация» (2018 г.), «Истина самосознания: Гетеротопия смысла» (2020 г.). В публикуемой статье внимание сосредоточено на судьбах мировой цивилизации в XXI в., на их исторических истоках и на той роли, которую сыграли для самоосмысления этих цивилизаций переломные исторические события – Великая французская революция, Вторая мировая война, распад Советского Союза. На передний план выступает вопрос об интенции: личной, определяющей жизнь и смерть отдельного человека, и цивилизационной, направляющей целые страны и народы к самосохранению, развитию – или же к деградации и самоуничтожению. Как и в других работах, в этой статье Л.В. Скворцов соотносит собственное видение обсуждаемых проблем с тем, как те же или сходные проблемы ставятся и решаются не только в трудах философов, размышлявших над историей цивилизаций (А.Дж. Тойнби и других), но и в произведениях классической русской литературы, прежде всего у Л.Н. Толстого.

Environmental safety problemoriginatedfromvehicles requiresdevelopment andexploration of integrated and effective solutions, which considers the development level of technologies, the cost of their widespread use, the legislation requirements and other relevant aspects. One improvement method of the petroleum-derived fuels characteristics is the use of additives that complement the refining methods and provide ample opportunities to influence the individual characteristics. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the developed multifunctional surface-active nano-additive on the gasoline characteristics and engine performance. The measurement results confirmed the effective reduction of the surface tension of gasoline at the boundary with air, improving the mixture formation in the engine. On the other hand, the saturated vapor pressure was significantly decreased, which dramatically reduces evaporation losses and air pollution by light hydrocarbons. The use of the additive, due to a combination of its surface-active and catalytic action, significantly increases the fuel efficiency of engines and reduces octane requirements, greenhouse gases emissions, as well as noise level during operation of vehicles, and the environmental safety of vehicle operation increases. © 2019 by the authors.