Suchergebnisse

When single-subject design is the method used to evaluate clinical work, the same person simultaneously conducts counseling and evaluation. The author describes situations in which the roles of clinician and evaluator are compatible as well as circumstances in which difficulties in exercising the demands of both roles occur. The various phases of the treatment/evaluation process are followed, and suggestions are given regarding ways to resolve differences between the clinician's and the evaluator's perspectives.

Abstract
Migration inevitably involves difficulties. These difficulties are more pronounced for refugees and asylum seekers, who also often suffer discrimination. In this study, we examined the impact of living difficulties on the psychological wellbeing of Darfuri asylum seekers in Israel. Based on the stress process theory, we hypothesized that perceived discrimination mediates the relationship between living difficulties and psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychological quality of life. The sample consisted of 300 Darfuri asylum seekers aged 19 or older. Measures included post-migration living difficulties, perceived discrimination, psychological distress, PTSD, psychological quality of life, and demographic factors. The results show that greater living difficulties were associated with lower psychological quality of life, higher PTSD symptoms, and increased psychological distress. As hypothesized, perceived discrimination fully mediated the relation between living difficulties and psychological quality of life and PTSD symptoms. Additionally, perceived discrimination partly mediated the relation between living difficulties and psychological distress. Our findings support the stress process theory and the role of society in stressful situations. It also indicates that by reducing perceived discrimination, psychological wellbeing can be improved.

We know more about the experiences of trauma, despair, and abuse of asylum seekers and refugees than we do of their resilience, strength, and active struggle to survive and succeed. This article explores stories narrated by asylum seekers from Darfur, Sudan, currently residing in Israel, to learn about their forms and sources of strength, resilience, and coping mechanisms. In-depth, semi-structured group interviews were conducted in Hebrew and in English with eight single men, aged between the ages 27 and 38, who had lived in Israel for between four and seven years. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the data analyzed by analytic induction and constant comparison strategies. Six factors were identified, from the interviewees' perspective, as contributing to their resilience: cognitive coping strategies, behavioral coping strategies, the ability to work, the ability to study and educate oneself, the support of family and friends, and social and political activism. This study corroborates existing literature by identifying personal strategies and social support as important to resilience of refugees; however, and unlike other studies, we did not find religion as an important factor from our interviewees' perspective. We have thus expanded the existing literature by identifying the ability to work and the ability to study as important factors contributing to the resilience of refugees.

We describe the concept of a social firm–-a business created for the employment of people with disadvantages in the labor market–-and illustrate how it can be implemented through the experience of employees who were unemployed and living on public allowances prior to commencement of the project. Our experience suggests that participating in a social firm may enable people who are dependent on public allowances to obtain employment that is suitable to their talents, to contribute financially to their household incomes, to have a place to be socially supported, to expand their social networks, and to acquire new knowledge. Implications for practice, in terms of the social firm arena and social work profession, are discussed.

This study examining the psychosocial profile of Bedouin Arab Women living in polygamous and monogamous marriages found that women in polygamous marriages reported lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, more problematic family functioning, less marital satisfaction, and more problematic mother–child relationships than women in monogamous marriages. The sample consisted of 315 women, 156 from polygamous and 159 from monogamous families. The respondents completed the Self-Esteem scale (SE), The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), The Enrich questionnaire and the Index of Parental Attitudes. The polygamous family structure and the economic difficulties widespread, apparently constitutes a substantial contribution to the polygamous household's impaired family functioning.

ObjectiveThe study appraises the prevalence of pre-migration trauma exposure, the ability to secure basic living needs, and psychological functioning among Darfuri asylumseekers and refugees living in Israel. MethodThe sample included 340 adults from Darfur. Standardized measures assessing socio-psychological functioning were utilized. ResultsThe participants demonstrated high rates of pre-migration exposure to traumatic experiences. Thirty percent of the participants met DSM–IV criteria PTSD, with a higher proportion for women than for men. Post-migration stressors were mentioned by the majority of the participants. ConclusionsThe State of Israel should recognize past atrocities and traumas of Darfuris who arrived in Israel. Such recognition should be offered as acceptance of their rightful access to refugee status determination. Moreover, the State of Israel needs to modify government policies and legalization facilities so that Darfuri refugees and asylum-seekers will have access to basic human needs and support services. ; ObjectifCette étude évalue la prépondérance de traumatisme prémigratoire auquel sont exposés les demandeurs d'asile et réfugiés du Darfour vivant en Israël, ainsi que leur fonctionnement psychologique, et leur capacité de se procurer les besoins vitaux de base. MéthodeL'échantillon pour l'étude était constitué de 340 adultes du Darfour. Divers aspects de leur fonctionnement sociopsychologique étaient évalués à l'aide de mesures normalisées. RésultatsLes participants ont fait preuve de niveaux élevés d'exposition prémigratoire aux expériences traumatiques : 30 % des participants ont satisfait aux critères du DSM–IV pour l'ESPT, avec une proportion plus élevée chez les femmes que chez les hommes. Des facteurs de stress postmigratoire ont été évoqués par la majorité des participants. ConclusionsL'État d'Israël devrait reconnaître les atrocités et les traumatismes antérieurs subis par les Darfouriens arrivant en Israël. Cette reconnaissance devrait se manifester par une acceptation de leur ...

This exploratory study examines AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and behavior among 89 youths residing in Lusaka, Zambia. The results show that AIDS is a well-known disease in the lives of the participants. and suggest that Zambian youths who live in a major urban area tend to be knowledgeable about AIDS and hold positive attitudes towards prevention. The main behavior that puts Zambian young adults at risk is sexual intercourse.