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Urban transportation economics
In: Fundamentals of pure and applied economics 51
In: Regional and urban economics section
Using the Revenues from Congestion Pricing
The economic theory behind congestion pricing relies on using the revenues to help compensate highway users. But can practical methods of using revenues come close to achieving this compensation, and still have salient appeal to important political groups? This paper investigates the possibilities for designing a package of revenue uses that can achieve these twin goals. The suggested approach returns two-thirds of the revenues to travelers through travel allowances and tax reductions, and uses the rest to improve transportation throughout the area, including affected business centers. By replacing regressive sales and fuel taxes, this approach offsets the tendency of the prices alone to have a regressive distributional impact. By lowering taxes, funding new highways, improving transit, and upgrading business centers, the package provides inducements for support from several key interest groups. The potential amounts of money involved are discussed using nationwide data, and in more detail using a case study of ubiquitous facility pricing throughout the Los Angeles region. Illustrative calculations of the effects on various individuals confirm that such a package can create net benefits for a wide spectrum of people and interest groups.
BASE
Urban Traffic Congestion: A New Approach to the Gordian Knot
In: The Brookings review, Band 11, Heft 2, S. 6
Using the Revenues from Congestion Pricing
The economic theory behind congestion pricing relies on using the revenues to help compensate highway users. But can practical methods of using revenues come close to achieving this compensation, and still have salient appeal to important political groups? This paper investigates the possibilities for designing a package of revenue uses that can achieve these twin goals. The suggested approach returns two-thirds of the revenues to travelers through travel allowances and tax reductions, and uses the rest to improve transportation throughout the area, including affected business centers. By replacing regressive sales and fuel taxes, this approach offsets the tendency of the prices alone to have a regressive distributional impact. By lowering taxes, funding new highways, improving transit, and upgrading business centers, the package provides inducements for support from several key interest groups. The potential amounts of money involved are discussed using nationwide data, and in more detail using a case study of ubiquitous facility pricing throughout the Los Angeles region. Illustrative calculations of the effects on various individuals confirm that such a package can create net benefits for a wide spectrum of people and interest groups.
BASE
Urban. Kenneth A. Small. Setting Municipal Priorities, Charles Brecher and Raymond D. Horton, Editors. New York: New York University Press, 1985, 476pp. Price: $60.00 cloth, $30.00 paper
In: Journal of policy analysis and management: the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Band 6, Heft 1, S. 130-133
ISSN: 1520-6688
Fundamentals of Economic Demand Modeling: Lessons from Travel Demand Analysis
In: Decision Making in Engineering Design, S. 75-88
Comments
In: Brookings-Wharton papers on urban affairs, Band 2001, Heft 1, S. 138-142
ISSN: 1533-4449
On the Costs of Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles
Air pollution is frequently the stated reason for special measures aimed at controlling motor vehicles. In the United States, motor vehicle emission standards are set explicitly in clean air legislation, while policies at several levels of government are designed to reduce the use of cars for particular purposes like commuting. In Europe, high fuel taxes and subsidies to urban mass transit and intercity rail travel in large part aim to reduce car use.
BASE
"Wasteful" Commuting: A Resolution
In: Journal of political economy, Band 100, Heft 4, S. 888-898
ISSN: 1537-534X
"Wasteful" Commuting: A Resolution
In: Journal of political economy, Band 100, Heft 4, S. 888
ISSN: 0022-3808
Optimal Peak-Load Pricing, Investment, and Service Levels on Urban Expressways
In: Journal of political economy, Band 85, Heft 1, S. 1-25
ISSN: 1537-534X
Should Urban Transit Subsidies Be Reduced?
In: American economic review, Band 99, Heft 3, S. 700-724
ISSN: 1944-7981
This paper derives empirically tractable formulas for the welfare effects of fare adjustments in passenger peak and off-peak rail and bus transit, and for optimal pricing of those services. The formulas account for congestion, pollution, accident externalities, scale economies, and agency adjustment of transit service offerings. We apply them using parameter values for Washington (DC), Los Angeles, and London. The results support the efficiency of the large current fare subsidies; even starting with fares at 50 percent of operating costs, incremental fare reductions are welfare improving in almost all cases. These findings are robust to alternative assumptions and parameters. (JEL L92, R41, R42, R48)
Differentiated Road Pricing, Express Lanes, and Carpools: Exploiting Heterogeneous Preferences in Policy Design
In: Brookings-Wharton papers on urban affairs, Band 2006, Heft 1, S. 53-96
ISSN: 1533-4449