Suchergebnisse

An analysis of the Belarusian civil service has shown that its formal organisation follows the principles of public service that do not differ from those found in most other European states and are applied universally. On the other hand, the fact that Belarus is governed by an authoritarian regime which follows a strict vertical management of public institutions, the practice of civil service is highly dependent on specific decisions adopted by the President and his Administration. The present model of the Belarusian civil service can be considered as mixed. It functions under authoritarian conditions and therefore it is hard to evaluate its possible performance given a democratic regime. Contract management in Belarus is an innovation that does not only serve a purpose of trying to increase public sector efficiency, but is also applied as a tool to eliminate officials disloyal to the regime. Formally, organisation of recruitment and employment to the civil service in Belarus is similar to that existing in the other European states. However, a major factor in creating the personnel (cadre) reserve for the civil service is the role of the Administration of the President. This serves to prove that employment to a formally neutral civil service is highly dependent on the decisions taken on the top political level. The major factor when considering employment to the higher positions of civil service is the affiliation of the candidate to the "pro-presidential" public organisations (which are not named as political parties, but essentially they are) such as "Belaja Rus" and Belarus Republican Youth Union (BRSM). Membership in these organisations guarantees possibilities for greater career advancement in the civil service and more broadly in the public sector. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama Baltarusijos valstybės tarnybos veikla. Pateikiami šios šalies valstybės tarnybos bendrieji bruožai ir vertinamas valstybės tarnybos įstatymas. Siekiama identifikuoti pagrindines Baltarusijos valstybės tarnybos veiklos problemas bei įvertinti autoritarinio valdymo įtaką valstybės tarnybai. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami Baltarusijos valstybės tarnybos politizavimo aspektai bei kontraktų įtaka valstybės tarnybos lojalumui valdančiajam režimui.

"Civil Service Systems" published on by Oxford University Press.

After the Third Division of Lithuanian and Polish states almost the entire territory of the Lithuanian Great Kingdom was incorporated into the Russian Empire (except Uznemune that was devolved to Prussia). Lithuania has lost its lineament as a political society, therefore the citizens were alienated from the Western tradition of administration and law. After annexing Lithuania, Russia has initiated the reorganization of the administrative- territorial distribution of the occupied country as well as rehashing the former and creating the new administrative institutions. While ruining the previous governance system the deployment of autocratic-centralized model of state administration and law was started. ; Straipsnyje analizuojami administraciniai pertvarkymai carinės Rusijos valdomoje Lietuvos teritorijoje XVIII a. pabaigoje - XIX a. pradžioje. Teigiama, kad carinė Rusija, aneksavusi Lietuvą, ėmėsi pertvarkyti okupuoto krašto administracinį teritorinį skirstymą, naujinti buvusius ir kurti naujus valstybinius valdymo institutus, tarp jų ir iki padalijimų galiojusią teisę, apriboti gyventojų teises. Pažymima, kad griaunant buvusią administracinę valdymo sistemą, Lietuvoje buvo pradėtas diegti Rusijos carų autokratiškas centralizuoto administracinio valdymo modelis.

G.(Galva) Galvanauskas presented many suggestions about how to improve collection and processing of the statistical information regrding the public sector in the interwar Republic of Lithuania. He suggested that assemblers of the statistical information should have theoretical and practical background. G.(Galva) Galvanauskas was one of the initiators of establishing a training school for the civil servants in the interwar Lithuania.[.]

G.(Galva) Galvanauskas presented many suggestions about how to improve collection and processing of the statistical information regrding the public sector in the interwar Republic of Lithuania. He suggested that assemblers of the statistical information should have theoretical and practical background. G.(Galva) Galvanauskas was one of the initiators of establishing a training school for the civil servants in the interwar Lithuania.[.]

G.(Galva) Galvanauskas presented many suggestions about how to improve collection and processing of the statistical information regrding the public sector in the interwar Republic of Lithuania. He suggested that assemblers of the statistical information should have theoretical and practical background. G.(Galva) Galvanauskas was one of the initiators of establishing a training school for the civil servants in the interwar Lithuania.[.]

G.(Galva) Galvanauskas presented many suggestions about how to improve collection and processing of the statistical information regrding the public sector in the interwar Republic of Lithuania. He suggested that assemblers of the statistical information should have theoretical and practical background. G.(Galva) Galvanauskas was one of the initiators of establishing a training school for the civil servants in the interwar Lithuania.[.]

As for the civil service in Ukraine, we can identify a number of innovations aimed at improving the performance and ensuring the quality of civil service, namely: separation of administrative and political positions; clarification of the legal status of a civil servant; separation of civil service from political activity; establishing an exhaustive list of persons who are not subjected to the civil service legislation; introduction of a new approach to the classification of civil servants' positions; a competency-based approach to the selection of candidates for the civil service; defining legislatively common approaches to entry, performance and separation from civil service; improving professional skills and professional training of civil servants, their labor remuneration, bonus payments and encouragement, as well as disciplinary responsibility.
Reforming the civil service legislation has become the most important step towards the public administration reform. Constant changes and amendments to the newly adopted legislation signify about it imperfection. Nevertheless, it should be noted that legislators and reformers are moving in the right direction.
The data analyzed in the article show that Ukraine has come a long way from the Soviet civil service legacy. However, it is still in the middle of the road: these achievements must be supported by continuous efforts to render them irreversible and significantly improve the efficiency of public administration.
The analysis of the sources in the article shows that the ideal picture of a public servant should correspond to his real perception. In fact, the public perception of civil servants in Ukraine is quite negative, as people see a striking difference between the reality and the ideal mentioned above. It turned out that the public servant, according to public perception, lacked almost all the necessary features. This demonstrates the enormous problems with civil servants in Ukraine due to the mismatch between public perception and the ideal image of a public servant. Thus, statistics show that the majority of respondents (about 70 percent) said that a Ukrainian civil servant is poorly qualified, tends to avoid solving complex cases, impatiently violates the law, demonstrates low respect for customers, is not trustworthy, is biased and interested in his own interests (puts one's own interests ahead of the public), non-result oriented, etc.
The article concludes that public service reform in Ukraine should be supported not only by political measures that enhance the professionalism of employees, but also include procedures for changing public attitudes towards them. The negative perception of civil servants can be closely linked to the civil service itself: Ukrainians perceive it as a corrupt and bureaucratic institution that breaks innovation, does not care about cost-effectiveness, and does not perceive positive change.

As for the civil service in Ukraine, we can identify a number of innovations aimed at improving the performance and ensuring the quality of civil service, namely: separation of administrative and political positions; clarification of the legal status of a civil servant; separation of civil service from political activity; establishing an exhaustive list of persons who are not subjected to the civil service legislation; introduction of a new approach to the classification of civil servants' positions; a competency-based approach to the selection of candidates for the civil service; defining legislatively common approaches to entry, performance and separation from civil service; improving professional skills and professional training of civil servants, their labor remuneration, bonus payments and encouragement, as well as disciplinary responsibility. Reforming the civil service legislation has become the most important step towards the public administration reform. Constant changes and amendments to the newly adopted legislation signify about it imperfection. Nevertheless, it should be noted that legislators and reformers are moving in the right direction.

Civil participation is the main component of effective governance. The topicality of this paper lies in civil participation in decision-making defined by the principles of "new public governance" of the 21st century. This study aims to analyze the impact of civil participation in decision-making on waste management at the municipal level. In this work, the following aspects were considered: theoretical assumptions of civil participation; civil participation in the activities of institutions responsible for environmental protection; issues regarding the development of opportunities of citizens' involvement in municipal waste management. The article is devoted to the theoretical assumptions about civil participation, theoretical model of analysis, and activity of institutions. To develop a theoretical model of analysis, a classification of civil participation was carried out. Among the methods used, one can mention the questionnaire. The analysis was focused on a legal basis for the activity of institutions; the actual activity of institutions and survey of representatives of the national environmental authorities in Lithuania. The results showed that currently there is no mechanism in Lithuania to ensure civil participation in municipal waste management. Civil participation is still formal and limited. Overall, citizens are informed about the decisions made, but they do not participate actively in decision-making. The analysis of civil participation capacity in waste management leads to the conclusion that Lithuania has no single mechanism to ensure civil participation in waste management. To enhance civil participation in decision-making on waste management, it is suggested to set up a council where the representatives of civil population are delegated.

Civil participation is the main component of effective governance. The topicality of this paper lies in civil participation in decision-making defined by the principles of "new public governance" of the 21st century. This study aims to analyze the impact of civil participation in decision-making on waste management at the municipal level. In this work, the following aspects were considered: theoretical assumptions of civil participation; civil participation in the activities of institutions responsible for environmental protection; issues regarding the development of opportunities of citizens' involvement in municipal waste management. The article is devoted to the theoretical assumptions about civil participation, theoretical model of analysis, and activity of institutions. To develop a theoretical model of analysis, a classification of civil participation was carried out. Among the methods used, one can mention the questionnaire. The analysis was focused on a legal basis for the activity of institutions; the actual activity of institutions and survey of representatives of the national environmental authorities in Lithuania. The results showed that currently there is no mechanism in Lithuania to ensure civil participation in municipal waste management. Civil participation is still formal and limited. Overall, citizens are informed about the decisions made, but they do not participate actively in decision-making. The analysis of civil participation capacity in waste management leads to the conclusion that Lithuania has no single mechanism to ensure civil participation in waste management. To enhance civil participation in decision-making on waste management, it is suggested to set up a council where the representatives of civil population are delegated.