Suchergebnisse

This paper analyzes the effect of job creation and job destruction on the voting patterns of individuals in Poland during the 1997 and 2001 parliamentary elections. First, we link the votes for the left wing party to the unemployment rate and the job creation and destruction rates in the constituency. We show that the job destruction rate and unemployment rate has a positive effect on the votes for the SLD, while the job creation rate has a negative effect. Second, we look at the effect of the change in job creation and job destruction rates on the change in the votes for individual candidates. We that incumbents from the firmer right wing coalition received less votes if excess job reallocation had increased in their constituency. Therefore, the paper provides evidence that job ?ows have a strong impact on voting patterns and that the balance between the positive and negative effects of refirms detfirmine to a large extent the political outcome.

Structure des salaires et performance de la recherche des départements d'économie aux Etats-Unis: comment distinguer les incitations du tri? Ce papier analyse la relation entre les écarts de salaire entre niveaux hiérarchiques et la performance en termes de recherche en utilisant une base de données des salaires moyens par rang hiérarchique pour les départements d'économie aux Etats Unis entre 1977 et 1997. Nous relions ensuite cette information à la production individuelle des membres des départements, et documentons la dynamique de la productivité individuelle. Nos résultats montrent que des écarts salariaux plus élevés entre niveaux hiérarchiques sont associés à une productivité moyenne plus élevée comme prédit par les théories des incitations. Ils indiquent également que les différences salariales reflètent les différences de productivité passée entre niveaux, comme prédit par la théorie de l'apprentissage. Notre recherche suggère dès lors l'importance de distinguer entre incitations et tri afin de tester l'importance relative de ces théories.

In this paper, we use a rich dataset disaggregating imports and exports decisions by product and origin/destination of all Danish companies for the period 1993-2003 to provide key elements in characterizing Danish firms in international trade. Most evidence to date emanates from the U.S. or developing economies like Columbia or Mexico. Benchmarking on these studies, we find some similarities but also differences which we think are representative of European-type, small open economies. We find that Danish exporters make up a fairly small fraction of the total of firms, but that this fraction is higher than in e.g., the U.S. Firms engaged in exporting have the same positive performance characteristics - size, capital and skilled labour intensity, labour as well as total factor productivity, and wages - found in also in previous studies. But most exporter premia are significantly larger in Denmark than in the U.S. There are few traces of the European Union's Single Market Program and the adoption the Euro in 1998. We observe no impact of these changes on the number of exporters, but some signs of impacts on the number of products and export destination countries. Finally, we find that trade is positively related to productivity of firms. The association between productivity and the firm's imports of intermediate goods is particularly strong.