Suchergebnisse

part Part one: The search for significance -- chapter 1 Absurdity. The gulf between man and his world. Camus -- chapter 2 Transcendence. The pursuit of meaning as a necessary but 'useless passion'. Sartre -- chapter 3 Participation. A vindication of being-in-itself as meaningful. Louis Lavelle -- part Part two: The role of reason and the concept -- chapter 4 As mediation between subject and object. Alquié -- chapter 5 As an assimilating force within the world. André Lalande -- chapter 6 As a dissimilating force. Gaston Bachelard and E.Morot-Sir -- chapter 7 The concept as expression. The extraction of provisional meanings from the permanently indeterminate. Merleau-Ponty -- chapter 8 The rejection of 'expressionism'. The 'logos' as the 'rule' of thought. Brice Parain -- part Part three: Norms and values -- chapter 9 Closed and open evolutionary morality. Bergson's The Two Sources -- chapter 10 Involutionary morality. André Lalande -- chapter 11 The creation of values. Raymond Polin -- chapter 12 The contingency of value. Vladimir Jankélévitch -- chapter 13 Detail and atmosphere. René Le Senne -- part Part four: Towards a definition of authenticity -- chapter 14 The instant -- chapter 15 Choice -- chapter 16 The authentic and the everyday. Camus -- chapter 17 Universality and particularity -- chapter 18 Saint-Exupéry.

Markets and marketing are perennial themes in English economic and social history. Yet they remain largely unexplored in relation to London during a period of remarkable growth and change, the long eighteenth century. This article begins to fill that void, by surveying over 70 London produce markets that existed during the period, and identifying patterns in their collective development. It concludes that the physical market place, though ancient in origin, evolved through the 'commercial revolution' as a highly dynamic and diverse institution that played a significant role in London's distribution.

This article examines a piece of early medieval Irish law, the Cáin Adomnáin, considering it in the context of the endemic violence in the Irish society of the 7th and 8th centuries. We argue that the Cáin was an attempt by secular and religious leaders of the period to offer distinctive protection for women, children and clerics which advanced contemporary legal and political standards of protection. We conclude that the Cáin illustrates the potential for the application of humanitarian principles in distinctive cultural, legal and religious settings and traditions and that it deserves to be remembered as part of the heritage of international humanitarian law.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the ways in which large‐scale e‐participation projects can be evaluated. It argues that existing evaluation approaches can be improved upon by taking a closer look at the characteristics of the users of such systems, by estimating their self‐efficacy.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review is followed by the development of relevant research questions, and an assessment of points at which relevant and useful data can be collected in a petitioning process.FindingsIt is found that data relating to self‐efficacy, while not simple to collect, can add much to the evaluation process, and have the potential to result in more effective projects and systems.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are specific to one project, EuroPetition, which will allow the co‐ordination and submission of cross‐border pan‐European petitions.Originality/valueThe paper represents the first attempt to integrate perspectives derived from social cognitive theory to the evaluation of a large e‐participation project. Self‐efficacy is discussed in terms of both computer self‐efficacy and political self‐efficacy.

This paper focuses on the importance of non-public social media spaces in contemporary democratic participation at the grassroots level, based on case studies of citizen-led, community and activist groups. The research pilots the concept of participation spaces to reify online and offline contexts where people participate in democracy. Participation spaces include social media presences, websites, blogs, email, paper media, and physical spaces. This approach enables the parallel study of diverse spaces (more or less public; on and offline). Participation spaces were investigated across three local groups, through interviews and participant observation; then modelled as Socio-Technical Interaction Networks (STINs) [1]. This research provides an alternative and richer picture of social media use, within eParticipation, to studies solely based on public Internet content, such as data sets of tweets. In the participation spaces studies most communication takes place in non-public contexts, such as closed Facebook groups, email, and face-to-face meetings. Non-public social media spaces are particularly effective in supporting collaboration between people from diverse social groups. These spaces can be understood as boundary objects [2] and play strong roles in democracy.

Two attitude dichotomies – implicit versus explicit and affect versus cognition – are presumed to be related. Following a manipulation of attitudinal focus (affective or cognitive), participants completed two implicit measures (Implicit Association Test and the Sorting Paired Features task) and three explicit attitude measures toward cats/dogs (Study 1) and gay/straight people (Study 2). Based on confirmatory factor analysis, both studies showed that explicit attitudes were more related to implicit attitudes in an affective focus than in a cognitive focus. We suggest that, although explicit evaluations can be meaningfully parsed into affective and cognitive components, implicit evaluations are more related to affective than cognitive components of attitudes.