Suchergebnisse

In many countries, universities are emerging as the focal point for the formulation and delivery of policies on innovation, cluster development, human capital formation and development, entrepreneurship, and governance. The author provides a critique of arguments as to why universities have come to be seen as crucial stakeholders in the innovation process, and, in particular, should be territorial actors. It is argued that ascribing a central role in contemporary innovation systems to universities needs to be done with caution, and cannot be understood in isolation from political pressure.

How are pharmaceutical technologies developed and controlled in our societies? To what extent should the availability of these technologies be determined by scientific experts, a democratic state, the interests of final users, or ethical principles? This unique collection brings together the work of social scientists, ethicists, lawyers and policy analysts on regulation, ethics and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Regulatory systems and their implications for public health in North America, Europe and developing countries are discussed, including case studies of norplant, interferon and anti-fertility vaccines.

AbstractThe decision of someone over the age of 50 to switch from traditional employment to being an entrepreneur was found to arise from a complex mix of personal motivation, access to resources, and environmental determinants. When beginning their careers, people over 50 who became entrepreneurs only ever considered traditional employment with corporate companies and did not consider or even believe that entrepreneurship was a viable option. Advances in technology have been a significant enabler for their ability to have their businesses due to lowering the barriers to entry. Attitudes to work have changed twofold: entrepreneurship is now a viable career choice, and the traditional job for life no longer exists.