Suchergebnisse

"This book explores the knowledge base and procedures necessary for a law enforcement leader to plan, mitigate, and respond to a crisis and the subsequent consequences. A feature of the textbook is that actual events are explored in a Lessons Learned section. This not only provides the law enforcement leader with lessons in what he or she should do, but also addresses those actions he or she should not take. The problems inherent in evacuations, emergency sheltering, sheltering in place, and access issues are discussed and problems such as interagency interfaces, Law Enforcement Incident Management System, and NIMS are addressed. Decision making is explored with legal concepts involving "who is in charge," forcible evacuations, scene access, and interagency operations. This textbook provides an overview and essential information for the law enforcement leader to identify the areas in which additional information, study, planning, and education are required"--

This newly revised edition is designed to integrate information in a clear and concise for¬mat to allow law enforcement to respond to bomb threats, bomb incidents, or chemical-biological-radiologi¬cal events. The reader will find the information in this book useful as a general guide to develop local protocols to meet these occurrences. With the current threat, increased vigilance and knowledge is mandatory among all law enforcement and security officers to have a working knowledge of bombs, explosives and other threats for their own protection. Among the topics discussed include the basic techniques for risk assessment and target and hazard identification. These are essential components in relating to the probability of a bombing attack and the potential outcome of such an attack. The common methods of bomb delivery, bomb construction and methods of triggering are also demonstrated. Letter bombs, vehicle bombs and high-risk facilities such as aircraft, airports, medical facilities and schools are examined as well as the utilization of chemical, biological and radiological devices and the unique hazards associated with these devices. This book also includes a section for emergency medical service personnel in treating those injured from blast, overpressure, shrapnel and chemical agents. This text is not a replacement for trained and well-equipped bomb technicians but is designed to allow the first responder to make identification of suspect items and take appropriate action until well-equipped bomb technicians arrive on the scene.

Introduction -- Planning -- Identification of threats and vulnerability -- Situational awareness -- Resources -- Terrorism -- Natural disasters -- Evacuations -- Epidemics, pandemics, and quarantine -- Mass fatality events -- Agricultural terrorism -- Unconventional weapons and tactics -- Emerging threat groups -- Special considerations -- Excited delirium.

The authors look at the Supreme Court's latest fully reasoned decision on independence in Canadian Pacific v. Matsqui, where native tribunals were found to be biased because of certain institutional characteristics. The authors argue that the court employs, on the one hand, a very simplified analysis of independence, but at the same time, sets standards for testing independence and bias in tribunals that are impossible to adequately quantify in practice. Neither the reasoning of Lamer C.J, nor Sopinka J. is adequate to address the full range of tribunal experience; in fact, the Supreme Court examines administrative tribunals as if they were simply smaller courts, without recognizing their inhere/If differences. Subsequent cases on this point have failed to take into account the differences in these opinions. The authors conclude by noting the complexity of issues regarding bias, such as institutional independence, and question the direction of Canadian jurisprudence in this area.

AbstractThe analysis of system reliability has often benefited from graphical tools such as fault trees and Bayesian networks. In this article, instead of conventional graphical tools, we apply a probabilistic graphical model called the chain event graph (CEG) to represent the failures and processes of deterioration of a system. The CEG is derived from an event tree and can flexibly represent the unfolding of asymmetric processes. For this application, we need to define a new class of formal intervention we call remedial to model the causal effects of remedial maintenance. This fixes the root causes of a failure and returns the status of the system to as good as new. We demonstrate that the semantics of the CEG are rich enough to express this novel type of intervention. Furthermore, through the bespoke causal algebras, the CEG provides a transparent framework with which to guide and express the rationale behind predictive inferences about the effects of various types of remedial intervention. A backdoor theorem is adapted to apply to these interventions to help discover when a system is only partially observed.

A variety of statistical graphical models have been defined to represent the conditional independences underlying a random vector of interest. Similarly, many different graphs embedding various types of preferential independences, such as, for example, conditional utility independence and generalized additive independence, have more recently started to appear. In this paper, we define a new graphical model, called a directed expected utility network, whose edges depict both probabilistic and utility conditional independences. These embed a very flexible class of utility models, much larger than those usually conceived in standard influence diagrams. Our graphical representation and various transformations of the original graph into a tree structure are then used to guide fast routines for the computation of a decision problem's expected utilities. We show that our routines generalize those usually utilized in standard influence diagrams' evaluations under much more restrictive conditions. We then proceed with the construction of a directed expected utility network to support decision makers in the domain of household food security.

Military commanders in the United Kingdom have a degree of devolved decision authority delegated from command and control (C2) regulators and are trained and expected to act rationally and accountably. Recent experimental results suggest that experienced commanders usually appear to act as if they are subjective expected utility maximizers. The only scenarios where this appears not to be so are when the immediate mission objectives conflict with broader campaign objectives. Then the apparent rationality of even experienced commanders often evaporates. In this paper we show that if the C2 regulator assumes her commander is expected utility maximizing and that he uses a suitable multiattribute utility function, then even when she is remote from the field of action and her information is sparse, this regulator can nevertheless predict when scenarios might lead her commanders into making irrational decisions.