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1. Introduction -- 2. Referendums and Democratic Theory -- 3. History -- 4. The Rules of Referendums -- 5. Referendums and Parliaments -- 6. The Shifting Will of the People: The Case of EU Referendums -- 7. Two Hundred Years of Direct Democracy: The Referendum in Europe 1793-2018 -- 8. The King versus the People: Lessons from a Belgian Referendum -- 9. The Referendum Experience in France -- 10. The Referendum Experience in Switzerland -- 11. The Scottish and Welsh Devolution Referendums of 1979 and 1997 -- 12. The 1998 Good Friday (Belfast) Agreement referendums in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland -- 13. The United Kingdom parliamentary voting system referendum of 2011 -- 14. The Scottish Independence Referendum of 2014 -- 15. The 2017 Catalan Referendum in Comparative Perspective -- 16. The Irish Referendums on Marriage Equality and Abortion -- 17. Referendums, Institutional and Constitutional Change in Italy: The Very 'Crooked Timber' of the Italian Experience -- 18. Luxembourg: The 2015 Referendum on Voting Rights for Foreign Residents -- 19. Turkey's Constitutional Referendum: The 16 April 2017 Referendum in Historical Perspective -- 20. The Irish and Danish 1972 referendums on EC Accession -- 21. Referendums: Norway 1972 & 1994 -- 22. In or Out of 'Europe'? The 1975 and 2016 UK Referendums on Membership -- 23. The EFTA Enlargement -- 24. EU Accession Referendums -- 25. 'If You Can't Join Them…' – Explaining No Votes in Danish EU Referendums -- 26. The 2003 Swedish Euro Referendum -- 27. Referendums on EU Treaty Reform: Revisiting the Result in Second Referendums -- 28. The French and Dutch Block the Constitutional Treaty -- 29. Swiss Votes on Europe -- 30. The Greek Referendum on Bailouts 2015 -- 31. Hungary's EU Refugee Relocation Quota Referendum: 'Let's Send a Message to Brussels' -- 32. The Dutch Referendum on the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement -- 33. Issue Voting in Danish EU Referendums.

1. Introduction -- 2. Referendums and Democratic Theory -- 3. History -- 4. The Rules of Referendums -- 5. Referendums and Parliaments -- 6. The Shifting Will of the People: The Case of EU Referendums -- 7. Two Hundred Years of Direct Democracy: The Referendum in Europe 1793-2018 -- 8. The King versus the People: Lessons from a Belgian Referendum -- 9. The Referendum Experience in France -- 10. The Referendum Experience in Switzerland -- 11. The Scottish and Welsh Devolution Referendums of 1979 and 1997 -- 12. The 1998 Good Friday (Belfast) Agreement referendums in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland -- 13. The United Kingdom parliamentary voting system referendum of 2011 -- 14. The Scottish Independence Referendum of 2014 -- 15. The 2017 Catalan Referendum in Comparative Perspective -- 16. The Irish Referendums on Marriage Equality and Abortion -- 17. Referendums, Institutional and Constitutional Change in Italy: The Very 'Crooked Timber' of the Italian Experience -- 18. Luxembourg: The 2015 Referendum on Voting Rights for Foreign Residents -- 19. Turkey's Constitutional Referendum: The 16 April 2017 Referendum in Historical Perspective -- 20. The Irish and Danish 1972 referendums on EC Accession -- 21. Referendums: Norway 1972 & 1994 -- 22. In or Out of 'Europe'? The 1975 and 2016 UK Referendums on Membership -- 23. The EFTA Enlargement -- 24. EU Accession Referendums -- 25. 'If You Can't Join Them…' – Explaining No Votes in Danish EU Referendums -- 26. The 2003 Swedish Euro Referendum -- 27. Referendums on EU Treaty Reform: Revisiting the Result in Second Referendums -- 28. The French and Dutch Block the Constitutional Treaty -- 29. Swiss Votes on Europe -- 30. The Greek Referendum on Bailouts 2015 -- 31. Hungary's EU Refugee Relocation Quota Referendum: 'Let's Send a Message to Brussels' -- 32. The Dutch Referendum on the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement -- 33. Issue Voting in Danish EU Referendums.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 'Brexit means Brexit' -- Aim of this Volume -- Note -- 2. The Origins of European Integration: Emerging lines of (dis-)engagement -- A European Peace Project -- An Early Application to Join -- The Hague Summit Changes the Game -- The UK en route to Europe -- Renegotiation -- Referendum -- Finally 'In' - but as an Awkward Partner, not a Key Player -- Notes -- 3. Winning and Losing: Money, power and the politics of treaty reform -- In, but not Enthusiastic -- Too High a Price? 'I Want my Money Back' -- Crossing the Rubicon - the Single European Act (1986) -- The Collapse of Communism in Europe and German Unification -- The Maastricht Watershed -- Notes -- 4. Leaving the People Behind -- Enlargement - Widening and Deepening, and the Tensions between the Two -- Preparing to Enlarge - the EU needs to Reform Itself Too -- A Referendum Pledge -- Seeds of our Own Sowing -- Note -- 5. Seeking to Reconcile Conservatives and Coalition -- Growing Conservative Euroscepticism -- Into Coalition -- The Coalition Agreement -- Towards a Referendum -- The Bloomberg Speech - Changing the EU-UK Relationship -- Repatriating Powers -- The EU Budget and the MFF - Finishing the Job Thatcher Started -- European Democracy at Work: EP Elections 2014 and the Juncker Debacle -- Notes -- 6. Cameron's Three Rs: Reform, renegotiation, referendum -- The Calm before the Storm -- Preparing for a Referendum -- Reform and Renegotiation -- The Battle Lines are Drawn -- The Referendum Itself -- The Campaigns -- Vote Leave -- The Outcome -- Note -- 7. Where do we Go from Here? -- 'Brexit means Brexit' (Reprise) -- Who Can File for Divorce? -- When to Leave? -- What Sort of Brexit under Theresa May?

"This Routledge Focus aims to investigate and analyse the United Kingdom's relationship with the European Communities (EC) and the European Union (EU). Since joining the EC in 1973, the UK has had a fraught relationship with the organization, declining closer economic union in the eurozone and, often, arguing against closer political union. While some 67% of the UK's voters opted to remain in the EC in a referendum held in 1975, by June 2016 a narrow majority favoured leaving the EU. This volume evaluates the UK's journey into the Union, and examines how the country's voters came to decide on Brexit, and where the UK's departure from the EU may lead it"--Provided by publisher.