Suchergebnisse

Psychological and psychiatric studies of boredom from 1926 to the present are reviewed. Articles concerning boredom averaged less than one paper per year during the review period. The most consistent finding has been that extroverts apparently constitute a group especially susceptible to this state, although this has not often been tested directly. Stimulus factors such as repetitiousness, lack of novelty, and monotony have been found to generate boredom. Coping strategies have been found to include daydreaming, motor restlessness, exploration, response variability, and withdrawal from the boring situation. Experimental approaches to the problem have generally been traditional. Attempts have consistently been made to relate boredom to altered or characteristic physiological states, but they have not resulted in a consensus concerning these biological variables.

Aim: A BIOPIGEE OneHealth EJP expert group aimed to clarify the term "biosecurity measure" (BSM) for swine farms. Methods: I) In- and exclusion-criteria related to biosecurity applied in over 5 BIOPIGEE task groups were collected, discussed, and relevant criteria were summarized. II) A literature scoping review with the search terms "biosecurity measures" AND (swine OR pig) in titles, abstracts, or keywords using Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted. On the final record subset, we performed R- based bibliometric analysis. Finally, the first hundred terms with the highest occurrence frequency were used to perform a hierarchical clustering analysis. Results: The scoping review did not reveal a clear definition for BSM, and six specific research themes were identified. Based on these results, in combination with the relevant in- and exclusion-criteria we propose a preliminary definition for the term BSM: "A BSM – is the implementation of a segregation, hygiene, or management procedure (excluding medically effective feed additives and preventive/curative treatment of animals) that specifically aims at reducing the probability of the spread of any potential pathogen to, within, or from a pig farm or geographical area." Conclusions: While "biosecurity" for swine operations is well defined, a harmonized definition of BSM has been lacking. The proposed preliminary definition provides a basis for clear communication of BSM within and among BIOPIGEE task groups and will improve communication of scientific results to the public and thus improve the understanding, acceptance, and implementation of BSM from the farm to the policy level. (This work was supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No 773830: One Health European Joint Programme)

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an emerging problem in many parts of the world. Although animal-adapted LA-MRSA has been known for many years, recent reports suggest a possible increasing trend in the zoonotic transmission of LA-MRSA in Europe. Since its emergence in the early 2000's, several investigations have indicated that persons in prolonged, repeated contact with affected livestock are at a higher risk of becoming colonized with LA-MRSA. LA-MRSA monitoring in livestock is voluntary under current EU legislation, and not all member states, including the UK, participate. UK LA-MRSA isolates have been detected through scanning surveillance, where samples are submitted from clinically diseased livestock for diagnostic investigation, and research studies. Surveys conducted on retail beef, pig and poultry meat on sale in the UK have also detected LA-MRSA. Taken together these results suggest that LA-MRSA is present in the UK, possibly at low prevalence level, as suggested by available evidence. In this review, we examine the data available from UK livestock and animal products, and make recommendations for future. We also review the findings from whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the possible lineage of some UK livestock isolates.

[EN] Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an emerging problem in many parts of the world. Although animal-adapted LA-MRSA has been known for many years, recent reports suggest a possible increasing trend in the zoonotic transmission of LA-MRSA in Europe. Since its emergence in the early 2000¿s, several investigations have indicated that persons in prolonged, repeated contact with affected livestock are at a higher risk of becoming colonized with LA-MRSA. LA-MRSA monitoring in livestock is voluntary under current EU legislation, and not all member states, including the UK, participate. UK LA-MRSA isolates have been detected through scanning surveillance, where samples are submitted from clinically diseased livestock for diagnostic investigation, and research studies. Surveys conducted on retail beef, pig and poultry meat on sale in the UK have also detected LA-MRSA. Taken together these results suggest that LA-MRSA is present in the UK, possibly at low prevalence level, as suggested by available evidence. In this review, we examine the data available from UK livestock and animal products, and make recommendations for future. We also review the findings from whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the possible lineage of some UK livestock isolates. ; We are grateful to the Veterinary Medicines Directorate in the UK for funding this work through VMD0533. FM-J contributed during a sabbatical to the APHA with a grant from Consellería de Educación y Ciencia of Generalitat Valenciana (BEST/2017/050). CM contributed during a sabbatical to the APHA which was supported by a Lecturer research grant from the Santander bank (programme XIII Convocatoria de ayudas a la movilidad investigadora CEU-Banco Santander). ; Anjum, MF.; Marco-Jiménez, F.; Duncan, D.; Marin-Orenga, C.; Smith, RP.; Evans, SJ. (2019). Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus From Animals and Animal Products in the UK. Frontiers in Microbiology. 10:1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02136 ; S ...

Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la página web de la revista en la siguiente URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02136/full ; Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an emerging problem in many parts of the world. Although animal-adapted LA-MRSA has been known for many years, recent reports suggest a possible increasing trend in the zoonotic transmission of LA-MRSA in Europe. Since its emergence in the early 2000's, several investigations have indicated that persons in prolonged, repeated contact with affected livestock are at a higher risk of becoming colonized with LA-MRSA. LA-MRSA monitoring in livestock is voluntary under current EU legislation, and not all member states, including the UK, participate. UK LA-MRSA isolates have been detected through scanning surveillance, where samples are submitted from clinically diseased livestock for diagnostic investigation, and research studies. Surveys conducted on retail beef, pig and poultry meat on sale in the UK have also detected LA-MRSA. Taken together these results suggest that LA-MRSA is present in the UK, possibly at low prevalence level, as suggested by available evidence. In this review, we examine the data available from UK livestock and animal products, and make recommendations for future. We also review the findings from whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the possible lineage of some UK livestock isolates

Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la página web de la revista en la siguiente URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02136/full ; Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an emerging problem in many parts of the world. Although animal-adapted LA-MRSA has been known for many years, recent reports suggest a possible increasing trend in the zoonotic transmission of LA-MRSA in Europe. Since its emergence in the early 2000's, several investigations have indicated that persons in prolonged, repeated contact with affected livestock are at a higher risk of becoming colonized with LA-MRSA. LA-MRSA monitoring in livestock is voluntary under current EU legislation, and not all member states, including the UK, participate. UK LA-MRSA isolates have been detected through scanning surveillance, where samples are submitted from clinically diseased livestock for diagnostic investigation, and research studies. Surveys conducted on retail beef, pig and poultry meat on sale in the UK have also detected LA-MRSA. Taken together these results suggest that LA-MRSA is present in the UK, possibly at low prevalence level, as suggested by available evidence. In this review, we examine the data available from UK livestock and animal products, and make recommendations for future. We also review the findings from whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the possible lineage of some UK livestock isolates