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Homelessness is hazardous to health, and homeless people often have limited access to primary medical care. Argues that the health profile of homeless people is substantially a housing issue: one whose urgency may be comprised by the increasing tendency to 'medicalise' the problem of homelessness and health. (Abstract amended)

Examines the 'special needs' concept by analysing its role in the targetting of housing policy. The impact of the 'special needs' approach is assessed both in terms of its capacity to deliver the goods for 'special' groups and in terms of the implications of the approach for the impact of state intervention in the provision of housing and welfare. (Abstract amended)

Over the last decades, climate science has evolved rapidly across multiple expert domains. Our best tools to capture state-of-the-art knowledge in an internally self-consistent modeling framework are the increasingly complex fully coupled Earth System Models (ESMs). However, computational limitations and the structural rigidity of ESMs mean that the full range of uncertainties across multiple domains are difficult to capture with ESMs alone. The tools of choice are instead more computationally efficient reduced complexity models (RCMs), which are structurally flexible and can span the response dynamics across a range of domain-specific models and ESM experiments. Here we present Phase 2 of the Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (RCMIP Phase 2), the first comprehensive intercomparison of RCMs that are probabilistically calibrated with key benchmark ranges from specialized research communities. Unsurprisingly, but crucially, we find that models which have been constrained to reflect the key benchmarks better reflect the key benchmarks. Under the low-emissions SSP1-1.9 scenario, across the RCMs, median peak warming projections range from 1.3 to 1.7°C (relative to 1850–1900, using an observationally based historical warming estimate of 0.8°C between 1850–1900 and 1995–2014). Further developing methodologies to constrain these projection uncertainties seems paramount given the international community's goal to contain warming to below 1.5°C above preindustrial in the long-term. Our findings suggest that users of RCMs should carefully evaluate their RCM, specifically its skill against key benchmarks and consider the need to include projections benchmarks either from ESM results or other assessments to reduce divergence in future projections. ; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes CE170100023 United States Department of Energy (DOE) Aparece en contenido como:U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, research in MultiSector Dynamics, Earth and Environmental System Modeling Program NERC/IIASA Collaborative Research Fellowship NE/T009381/1 Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models (TOUGOU), Grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan JPMXD0717935457 U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Climate Indicators and Data Products for Future National Climate Assessments program NX16AG34G European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 820829 ; Versión publicada - versión final del editor