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SUMMARYIn this study, basic questions concerning the scope and structure of organisations working on development and poverty activities are addressed. Under what conditions is work on many or few poverty problems by a singleorganisationwarranted? Moreover, for a given organisational scope, how many issues and in what combinations are best in a specificprogramme? How are these choices related? How does 'inheriting' an organisational structure, that is difficult (very costly) to change, influence choices concerning programme type? The application of the economics of organisation yields useful insights into non‐governmental organisation (NGO) structure and activities, revealing opposing forces that may lead NGOs to diversify either excessively, or inadequately. NGOs working in the poverty field are a natural focus for this research because poverty is a multidimensional problem with potential (or contingent) complementarities across dimensions. Perspectives on activity choices such as child sponsorship and microfinance emerge from this broader context. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The myth that the US presidential election process is free from manipulation & open to anyone fulfilling the constitutional criteria for election to the office is explored through analysis of the 1992 presidential campaign of Democratic candidate Larry Agran. Rather than an even-handed process open to all, it is demonstrated that the presidential election process is managed at every opportunity by major party officials to marginalize other candidates. Marginalization is accomplished through denial of access to forums or debates & party official alliances with the media such that the media is given access to relevant news in return for promoting only major party -- newsworthy -- candidates. Combined with state ballot access laws that restrict eligibility only to those candidates who are generally recognized by the national news media, insurgent & third party candidates stand almost no chance of presenting their platforms to a national audience, or of being judged by voters at the polls. 4 References. Adapted from the source document.