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By the end of the former century there were less than 10 commercial vintners producing wine in Denmark. There was widespread acceptance of the view that commercial production of wine in the most northern parts of Europe was impossible. However, the number of commercial wine growers in Denmark grew to more than 60 at the end of year 2009 and the Association of Danish Winegrowers now counts more than 1400 members. Denmark can no longer be seen as a non-wine producing country! Formally, the transformation of Denmark to a wine producing country took place in year 2000 when Denmark was accepted as a commercial wine producing nation within the European Union. Based on a remarkably detailed micro data set this paper first gives a description of wine production in Denmark and thereafter we address the question whether vineyard characteristics are important for the quality of the wine and/or whether individual characteristics of the wine grower are important. Using a hedonic model the focus is especially on the importance of general factors like the type of soil, slope, geography, grape variety etc. in relation to the awards obtained by the respective vineyards.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how gender stereotypes and self-stereotypes of Danish managers vary among managers at different job levels, from lower level managers to CEO level, in a large survey of Danish private-sector managers.Design/methodology/approachThis study is explorative. Measures of stereotypes and self-stereotypes are constructed and analyzed with regressions models that control for a large number of individual and firm characteristics.FindingsThe results document significant gender differences in stereotyping among managers. Male managers have significantly more masculine stereotypes of successful leaders, and they rate themselves higher on masculine traits than female managers. For CEOs, the picture is different. Stereotypes do not differ by gender and female CEOs have more pronounced masculine stereotypes than female managers at lower levels. Female managers at the age of 50 are the least gender stereotyping managers. Younger female managers have significantly more masculine stereotypes about the role as a successful leader.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on cross-sectional data and does not claim to uncover causal relationships.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that gender stereotypes and self-stereotypes among Danish private-sector managers are not going to change quickly indicating that new government policies with more focus on gender equalization and affirmative actions are called for.Originality/valueMost earlier studies of stereotypes concerning female managers are based on studies of samples drawn from the general population or consisting of students. This study makes use of a large sample of managerial employees from all levels of the corporate hierarchy in different types of firms.

"The Danish Economy in a Global Context provides a general introduction to economic developments, institutions and policies in Denmark. A number of topical policy issues, such as retirement, education and globalisation, are discussed in a non-technical fashion. The text takes a global comparative perspective to highlight the differences and similarities between Denmark and other OECD countries. The Danish Economy in a Global Context should be read as a general introduction to the Danish economy. While self-contained, it is intended for introductory economics courses where it complements theoretical textbooks with an empirical and institutional underpinning of key issues. The book can be read in its entirety or selected chapters can be read independently. Key economic concepts are carefully explained throughout the book; it is therefore also accessible to students of subjects other than economics who want a broad and coherent introduction to key aspects of the Danish economy. About the authors Torben M. Andersen, Professor Aarhus University, Research interests: the welfare state; labour markets; globalisation; fiscal policy. Jan Bentzen, Professor Aarhus University, Research interests: energy and resource economics; sustainability; cost-benefit analysis"--Page 4 of cover