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The article considers the evolution of the main approaches to the measurement of human capital. It shows that each approach disregards some important aspects of the phenomenon which leads to the biases in the results of statistical research. The major inconsistencies arise in Russia and other transition economies, whereas for the countries that have a developed competitive labor market the problems are less acute. Methodological dead ends and the impossibility of the value-based computation of human capital stock require a shift in perspective — from the direct measurement to the analysis of human capital which emphasizes tendencies and interrelations.

The author argues that the key criterion of CSR is partial substitution of market-based relations and incentives for non-market cooperation among all kinds of stakeholders in the reproduction behavior of the firm. On the basis of this criterion three levels of CSR are distinguished and the specifics of CSR in the Russian context is highlighted. It is shown that the lack of state social expenditures and the coherent system of benefits for socially responsible firms coupled with dominating paternalistic relations hinder the development of socially responsible behavior above the basic level.