Suchergebnisse

Even if ambitious 2030 targets were attained, Sofia Fernandes writes, learning mobility would still be a minority privilege.

In France the debate is moving from longer to better working lives, Sofia Fernandes writes, but this is a Europe-wide challenge.

The main goal of this study is to analyse the most important causes affecting fire ignitions in Portugal mainland, between 1996 and 2010. The forest fire database was provided by the Portuguese Government Forest Services (National Forest Authority, AFN), that group the causes in six main categories (negligent usage of fire, accidental, structural causes, incendiary, natural and unknown). The analysis of the causes of the forest fires ignitions shows that the greatest part was not investigated (84%), whilst the knowledge of cause only occurred in 8% of fires. At national level, the results show that incendiary and the negligent usage of the fire are the most important motivations behind forest fires, with almost 40% of the identified causes. At regional scale, fires caused by negligence seems to be more common in the north due to traditional agricultural practices such as pasture renewal, the burning of agricultural and forest debris and hunting practices. In the Alentejo, accidental causes mainly associated with crop harvesting machinery, were the primary reason for the outbreak of forest fires. ; El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar las causas más importantes que afectan a las igniciones de incendios forestales en Portugal continental, entre 1996 y 2010. La base de datos de incendios fue proporcionada por los Servicios Forestales del Gobierno portugués (Autoridad Forestal Nacional, AFN), que agrupa las causas en seis categorías principales (uso negligente del fuego, accidentales, causas estructurales, incendiarismo, natural y desconocido). El análisis de las causas de ignición de los incendios forestales muestra que su mayor parte no ha sido investigada (84%), mientras que el conocimiento de la causa concreta sólo ocurrió en el 8% de los incendios. A nivel nacional, los resultados muestran que el incendiarismo y el uso negligente del fuego son las motivaciones más importantes, con casi el 40% de las causas identificadas. A escala regional, los incendios causados por negligencia parecen ser la causa ...

IntroductionHIV infection during pregnancy still raises controversial issues. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been successful in reducing mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT). Routine screening in pregnancy and in pre‐conception consultation proved to be one of the best methods able to get this treatment on time. We review our experience with pregnant patients with HIV infection.Materials and MethodsRetrospective and descriptive study. Data obtained from HIV‐infected pregnant women from 1999 to 2012 with delivery and subsequent infectious diseases follow‐up at our hospital.ResultsWe evaluated 136 patients (169 pregnancies), with a total of 147 living newborns (2 twin pregnancies) and 1 stillbirth. Median age at pregnancy was 30 (SD 5.7) years. Four patients were HIV‐2 infected and one HIV‐1+2 infected. 26 (19.1%) women were HCV co‐infected and 6 (4.4%) HBV co‐infected; 1 patient has HCV and HBV co‐infection. Sexual risk for HIV acquisition was determined in 102 (75%) patients and 31 (22.8%) were intravenous drug users. 33/136 (24.2%) women were diagnosed on routine screening in pregnancy, 4 during delivery and 2 immediately after delivery. 36 (26.4%) patients had an AIDS‐defining entity before pregnancy and no new opportunistic infections were diagnosed. ART was used in 157 (92.9%) pregnancies and 15 (9.5%) of them were treated only with NRTIs. At the time of delivery 86/144 (59.7%) patients had undetectable viral load (VL) (25 patients without VL determined), 91.7% of those on ART. 119 (70.4%) had a TCD4 cell count above 200 cells/mm3. MTCT occurred in 3/147 cases (2%): in one mother HIV‐1 infection was diagnosed three weeks before delivery, other immediately after delivery and the third woman started cART (2NRTI+1PI/r) in the second trimester of pregnancy, always adherent and without secondary effects, VL at delivery was 50 copies/mL and elective C‐section was performed.ConclusionsThe fact that 24% of patients were diagnosed during pregnancy shows the importance of routine screening to all pregnant women. MTCT occurred in three children, but only one was administered cART for prevention.